Showing papers in "Fungal Biology in 2000"

TL;DR: The DGGE analysis of environmental samples collected from Norway spruce stumps showed that the analysis of fungal DNA extracted directly from wood was usually in accordance with the investigation of mycelial cultures isolated from the same decay column, however, disagreement was observed, which suggests that these two fundamentally different techniques present different views about fungal diversity.

TL;DR: A high proportion of culture extracts of sponge-associated fungi was biologically active in tests to detect antifungal, antialgal, and antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and inhibition of reverse-transcriptase and tyrosine kinase.

TL;DR: The taxonomy of Metarhizium has been reassessed using sequence data and RAPD patterns from 123 isolates recognised as M. anisopliae, M. flavoviride or M. album, and four clades are recognised and redefined according to ITS sequence data.

TL;DR: The results presented suggest that most of the endophytes entered the petiole via the leaf and that transmission of palm endophytic fungi is likely to be horizontal (via airborne propagules) rather than vertical (via seed) in both species investigated.

TL;DR: Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS and SSU rDNA sequences revealed that the Stemphylium spp.

TL;DR: During colonisation of the wheat spike, a series of alterations occurred in host tissues, including degeneration of host cytoplasm and organelles, collapse of parenchyma cells, disintegration or digestion of host cell walls and appearance of electron-dense coating materials on vessel walls.

TL;DR: Comparison of the species growing under both severe and relatively weak radioactive contamination revealed a dominance of melanin-containing species in heavily contaminated sites; biodiversity and prevalence coefficients supported this.

TL;DR: The lipid and fatty acid compositions of Glomus intraradices and G. claroideum mycelia, extracted from quartz sand in a compartmentalized growth system, were analysed and it was found that the fungal biomass was equally distributed between the externalMycelium and the internal mycelium in the host root.

TL;DR: Isolates with hybrid urediniospore morphology but homozygous for ITS sequences from M. medusae or M. occidentalis were also found, suggesting that the primary F1 hybrids have produced F2 and/or backcross progeny.

TL;DR: Fractionation patterns obtained from C18 Sepak cartridges loaded with carrot root exudates isolated from roots grown under various phosphorus regimes, TLC analyses, and solubility properties of fractionated components, indicated a range of hydrophilic to hydrophobic hyphal branching stimulators.

TL;DR: The results showed an overall maximum enzyme activity at pH 5·2–5·6 for both fungi, with a possible secondary maximum at pH ≥ 8·8 for G. claroideum and up to 70% of the measured activity was associated with the hyphal wall, and the rest with internal structures.

TL;DR: Maximum parsimony and neighbour joining confirm the new suprageneric system of Ustilaginomycetes and indicate that the species of Pseudozyma represent anamorphs of UStilaginales parasitizing grasses.

TL;DR: There was a strong interspecific variation in metal tolerance and a high intraspecific heterogeneity in metalolerance in ectomycorrhizal fungi from heavy metal polluted sites.

TL;DR: The results show that PCR-RFLP of ITS provides an efficient culture-independent molecular tool for ecological studies and to assess fungal diversity.

TL;DR: The concept of species and species complexes of lichenized fungi is reviewed in the light of recent molecular approaches and molecular analyses at the species level will lead to the re-evaluation of phenotypic characters for species delimitation, and will improve the understanding of speciation in lichenization fungi.

TL;DR: This work has investigated the wheat infection process of Mycosphaerella graminicola through the combined application of differential interference contrast light, confocal laser scanning, and cryo-scanning electron microscopies, to benchmark the efficacy of various crop protection strategies.

TL;DR: The analysis of free salicylic acid content in roots revealed that the increases in enzymatic activities were coincident in time with the accumulation of SA in inoculated roots, indicating that the first reaction of the root cells to the invasion of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is a defence response.

TL;DR: Some weakly to moderately pathogenic strains were highly pathogenic when injected into Galleria mellonella larvae, demonstrating the importance of the cuticle as a barrier to fungal infection.

TL;DR: Four halophytes belonging to three dicotyledon families, Acanthaceae, Aizoaceae and Chenopodiaceae, were screened for the presence of fungal endophytes and thirty-six species of fungi, including some sterile forms, were isolated.

TL;DR: It is established that microorganism free exudates from roots colonised by AMF result in significantly less sporulation of P. fragariae than those from uncolonised plants.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the ‘pathotype’ system of naming small-spored Altemaria taxa confers no predictive value relative to observable morphological and genetic characters, and should be abandoned.

TL;DR: A new species, Trichoderma stromaticum, was isolated from ‘witches' broom’ of cacao in Brazil caused by Crinipellis perniciosa and reduced new inoculum through the suppression of basidioma formation.

TL;DR: The following topics are addressed: the interfaces of the Xylariaceae with related groups and the ’essence of xylariaceousness’; speciation of Xylaraceae in the tropics; the distribution of Xelariaceae inThe tropics.

TL;DR: Investigation of two isolates of Oidiodendron maius from mycorrhizal roots of Vaccinium myrtillus growing in heavily contaminated soils found better performance was observed in the presence of increasing concentrations of zinc salts, especially at higher ions.

TL;DR: The study shows that molecular screening of uninvestigated geographic areas can lead to the identification of isolates with new ITS1 and ITS2 sequence patterns, some of which may be new taxa, and reveals that T. harzianum is at present the genetically most diverse member of the genus.

TL;DR: Black mould lesions were caused by Alternaria alternata in 76% of 228 tomato fruit with characteristic sunken black lesions collected from fields of processing tomatoes in California, suggesting that isolates are widely dispersed across California.

TL;DR: Of three hundred and sixty Trichoderma strains investigated, fourteen, identified as T. aureoviride, T. harzianum and T. viride, grew well at 5 °C on both minimal and yeast extract agar media and were effective against Pythium debaryanum and Fusarium oxysporum.

TL;DR: Phylogeny inferred from ITS DNA sequence resolved isolates of Australian Ganoderma into five terminal clades, and it was concluded that the clades represented two allopatric populations of G. weberianum and G. microsporum, and that G. adspersum, a European species considered to be a synonym of G., was a synonyms of the latter.

TL;DR: Oosporein was the only major secondary metabolite produced by three commercial isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria brongniartii in submerged cultures and on sterilised barley kernels and none of the other toxins normally produced by BeauverIA species were detected by sensitive HPLC and MS techniques.

TL;DR: The study provides evidence that the morphological characters used in Phytophthora taxonomy are of limited value for deducing phylogenetic relationships, because they exhibit convergent evolution.