Showing papers in "General and Comparative Endocrinology in 2018"

TL;DR: The relationships that link environmental conditions, glucocorticoids (GC, the main hormonal mediator of allostasis) and telomere length in vertebrates are reviewed and new hypotheses regarding the potential of the GC stress response to drive the trade-off between immediate survival andtelomere protection are raised.

TL;DR: Despite significant overall repeatability, there was substantial heterogeneity in estimates from different studies, suggesting that repeatability of glucocorticoid secretion varies substantially across systems and conditions.

TL;DR: Testosterone induces apoptosis through ZIP9 in croaker granulosa cells and in human breast and prostate cancer cells by a unique mechanism involving increases in both second messengers and intracellular free zinc concentrations.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that glucocorticoids can serve as the physiological mechanism promoting fitness during inclement weather is supported, with a strong bias towards studies in domesticated laboratory species and wild animals held in captivity, indicating a need for field studies.

TL;DR: The growing recognition that sufficient light is important for psychological and somatic well-being is leading to the development of novel lighting solutions in architecture as well as focus on a more conscious exposure to natural daylight.

TL;DR: In this paper, the dynamics of maternal glucocorticoids and their binding protein, Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), during pregnancy were examined in more than 5000 species of placental mammals in 19 different orders.

TL;DR: It is found that GCs in bottlenose dolphins can recover within hours of acute stress, and that cortisol release can be detected in alternate matrices within a few hours-within 2’h in blubber, and 3.5-5 h in fecal samples.

TL;DR: Emerging evidence suggests that cortisol activates multiple signaling pathways in cells to bring about rapid effects, but the underlying physiological implications on acute stress adaptation are far from clear.

TL;DR: This brief review questions the belief that just because it is possible to measure vertebrate steroids in the tissues of invertebrates, this necessarily means that they are endogenously derived or are hormones.

TL;DR: Great similarities are observed between the model teleost species, including maternal transfer, at least to some extent, of almost all transcripts, increasing expression of most transcripts during hatching and embryo-larval transition, and indications of a fully functional HPT axis in larvae.

TL;DR: It is shown that THs modulate the male reproductive system during the different life stages of fish, suggesting a possibly co-evolution and interdependence of these two systems.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the PRL and PRL2 genes arose from a common ancestor in 1R/2R, as shown by neighboring gene families, and the basic triplet of ancestral GH, PRL/PRL2 and SL genes appear to be unexpectedly ancient.

TL;DR: Surprisingly, in the absence of TRα, hind limbs do not require gene induction by TH signaling to complete morphological growth and development, which is contrary to prediction by the dual function model.

TL;DR: It is proposed that taking a comparative approach across the migratory types that considers endocrine mechanisms will advance a new understanding of migration biology.

TL;DR: Little evidence of SAD, or change in duration of melatonin production with season is found, however the timing of the melatonin rhythm itself, and/or that of its metabolite 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), was used as a primary marker of seasonal, circadian and treatment changes.

TL;DR: Preliminary baseline parameters of key steroid hormones by reproductive state in adult female blue whales are determined and the presence of pregnant or with luteal activity and known lactating females confirms that the Gulf of California is an important winter-spring area for the reproductive phase of these blue whales.

TL;DR: Different isoforms of SPX and their binding with their cognate receptors GalR2 and GalR3, the biological functions reported in mammals including GI tract movement, energy balance and weight loss, fatty acid uptake, glucose homeostasis, nociception and cardiovascular/renal functions, as well as the recent findings in fish models regarding the role of SPx in reproduction and feeding control will be reviewed.

TL;DR: In this article, the responses of hens to chronic stress applied by providing feed according to an unpredictable schedule for 14 days, and measured corticosterone concentrations in circulation, expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), molecules known to protect cells in response to stress, and the ratios of heterophils:lymphocytes in blood, two immune cells known to change in quantity in circulation during chronic stress.

TL;DR: The data indicate that the different physiological systems associated with chronic stress adjust to captivity over different timelines.

TL;DR: Spexin (Spx), a novel neuropeptide, composed of 14 amino acid residues, is evolutionally conserved from fish to mammals and may be involved in the regulation of reproduction and food-intake in the spotted scat.

TL;DR: Results support the conclusion that inter-specific differences in salinity tolerance between the two tilapia congeners are tied, at least in part, to the distinct responses of both PRLs and their receptors to osmotic stimuli.

TL;DR: Treating wild-caught gravid female eastern fence lizards with a daily transdermal dose of a glucocorticoid hormone mimics the natural response lizards have when they encounter a stressor in the wild, without confounding effects associated with the encounter itself demonstrates the potential significant consequences of repeated exposure to acute elevations in glucoc Corticoid hormones.

TL;DR: The results suggest progestin induction of OM in zebrafish is mediated through an mPR α/Gi/Erbb2 signaling pathway that requires Pgrmc1 for expression of mPRα on oocyte membranes and that PgrMC1 also is required for induction of Oocyte maturation through Erbb2.

TL;DR: The findings indicate that sampling water-borne hormones presents a non-invasive and biologically informative approach that will be useful for behavioral endocrinologists and conservation physiologists.

TL;DR: Pre and post-natal periods are prime candidates for manipulation in order to uncover the physiological mechanisms that underlie glucocorticoid programming of neuroimmune responses and improve the use of glucOCorticoids as therapeutics in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

TL;DR: Retroactive determination of mT3 concentration in stored, freeze-dried feces opens the door to novel studies on the role of energetic condition on fitness in wild animals.

TL;DR: Inhibition of thyroid hormone abolishes pre-nuptial molt and gonadal growth and Methimazole inhibition of thyroid production increases luteinizing hormone.

TL;DR: It is reported that protocols for the non-invasive induction of sperm release, relying on single doses of gonadotropic hormone (GnRH) or human chorionic gonadotropin are very effective in both ground and tree frog species investigated to date.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that thrs and dios show sensitivity to temperature and are involved in and during early life development of European eel.

TL;DR: The periodic regulation of the kisspeptin, GnIH and their receptor genes by melatonin, circadian clock and water temperature may be important in the precisely-timed spawning of the grass puffer.