Showing papers in "Harmful Algae in 2012"

TL;DR: A review of the relationship between eutrophication, climate change and cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems can be found in this paper.

TL;DR: The dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium is one of the major harmful algal bloom (HAB) genera with respect to the diversity, magnitude and consequences of blooms.

TL;DR: Increased knowledge over the last decade of Pseudo-nitzschia and its production of DA is summarized, including changes in worldwide range, phylogeny, physiology, ecology, monitoring and public health impacts.

TL;DR: The main gaps required to progress on improved predictions of the initiation and decay of Dinophysis blooms are identified, and to solve the intricacies concerning their nutritional sources and the origin of their plastids are identified.

TL;DR: The state of knowledge on HABs along the west coast is presented as a step toward meeting the need for integration of HAB outreach, research, and management efforts.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the state of knowledge on these genera is presented, with particular emphasis on the validation or dismissal of earlier findings in light of these revisions, and the review is divided into four sections (taxonomy, geography, ecophysiology, and toxicology).

TL;DR: Karenia is a genus containing at least 12 species of marine unarmored dinoflagellates and at least one species produces brevetoxin that not only kills fish, marine mammals, and other animals, but also causes neurotoxic shellfish poisoning and respiratory distress in humans.

TL;DR: The past two decades have witnessed an expansion in the reported occurrences of harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by the dinoflagellate Cochlodinium, with recognition of multiple species and ribotypes that exhibit similar ecophysiological and harmful characteristics.

TL;DR: The genus Prorocentrum includes six planktonic species that form high-biomass blooms, and at least nine predominantly benthic toxigenic species as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: The biological raison d’etre for karlotoxin production appears to be prey capture but grazing deterrence is an additional advantage and strain variation in types of karotoxins and toxin cell quotas is extensive.

TL;DR: These models suggest that brown tides are promoted by positive feedback mechanisms involving the ability of these algae to grow competitively at low nutrient and light levels, their low rates of grazing mortality, and the associated low grazing-mediated recycling of nutrients.

TL;DR: In this review, the cellular characteristics, life cycles, bloom formation, and factors affecting toxicity, allelopathy, phagotrophy, and osmot rophy of P. parvum are discussed.

TL;DR: As a mechanism of red tide occurrences of Chattonella in coastal sea, “diatom resting hypothesis” was presented and biological control using diatoms is proposed through the germination/rejuvenation of resting stages suspending from bottom sediments to euphotic layer by sediment perturbation with submarine tractors or fishing trawling gears.

TL;DR: It is concluded that blooms in the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao of the Bohai Sea were brown tides caused by A. anophagefferens, the causative species of brown tides on the east coast of USA.

TL;DR: To better understand the nitrogen (N) nutritional ecology of C. polykrikoides, cells, and co-occurring phytoplankton were monitored within multiple NY (USA) estuaries over a three-year period and it was found that this alga is nutritionally flexible, capable of adapting to differing nutrient regimes and utilizing a variety of N compounds over a range of concentrations.

TL;DR: Subtle strain-level variations in micronutrient requirements and interaction with associated bacterial flora may provide a partial explanation for the contrasting inshore (Tasmanian), and offshore (Spain, Mexico) bloom patterns by the same species in different geographic regions.

TL;DR: The combined temperature, salinity and light requirements of Gambierdiscus can be used to define latitudinal ranges and species-specific habitats, as well as to inform predictive models.

TL;DR: It is now known, however, that there are at least two locations where the varieties co-occur and it has also been proven that var.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of cyanobacterial blooms on food web dynamics and zooplankton grazing are investigated in the western basin of Lake Erie by quantifying the grazing rates of cultured (Daphnia pulex) and natural assemblages of mesozooplanks and microzooplankton on five autotrophic populations.

TL;DR: Visual confirmation of the production of resting cysts by C. polykrikoides in laboratory cultures isolated from North America provides a mechanism to account for the recurrence of annual blooms in given locales as well as the global expansion of C.polykriKOides blooms during the past two decades.

TL;DR: Cyanobacteria, conspicuous photoprokaryotes in aquatic ecosystems, may produce secondary metabolites such as the hepatotoxins, microcystins (MC), and biomagnification factor was positively related to study length showing that longer exposure to toxic food resulted in higher MC accumulation in consumers, which could have important implications in eutrophic or tropical systems where toxic blooms may persist year-round.

TL;DR: This paper aims to demonstrate the efforts towards in-situ applicability of EMMARM, as to provide real-time information about concrete mechanical properties such as E-modulus and compressive strength.

TL;DR: This multiplex qPCR assay is a powerful tool for detecting and quantifying potentially toxic cyanobacteria in laboratory and field samples and will enable water quality and food safety authorities to better forecast, evaluate and reduce the impact of future harmful algal bloom events.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the decomposition of green algae releases inorganic nutrients into seawater where the nutrients could support red tides once they were taken up by the opportunistic microalgae.

TL;DR: The growth rate, cellular dimensions and toxin profile of two O. ovata strains isolated from Armacao dos Buzios, Rio de Janeiro were investigated and ribosomal DNA genetic sequences obtained from the nuclear region of strain LCA-E7 confirmed that this is O. cf.

TL;DR: It is indicated that bacteria may play an important role in A. sanguinea–bloom regulation and provides a deeper insight into bacterial community succession during and after an A. Sanguinea-bloom.

TL;DR: Effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) limited conditions on cell growth, cell size, biovolume, and toxin production of an O. ovata strain isolated from the Adriatic Sea is reported.

TL;DR: The abundance of viable cysts deposited during the past intensive bloom period was approximately 1.4 times higher than that of recently deposited cysts, suggesting that the cysts in the sub-surface dense layers could potentially function as seed populations in Funka Bay.

TL;DR: Karenia mikimotoi is a dinoflagellate that is widely distributed in China that has recently become increasingly involved in harmful algal blooms (HABs) and a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) method is developed for the purpose of identification and quantification.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed changes over time in the occurrence and distribution of blooms, and to find possible drivers of this change, and also performed spatial analyses to identify environmental factors coupled to Gonyostomum's distribution.