Showing papers in "International Immunopharmacology in 2001"

TL;DR: Several key enzymes in mitochondrial respiration are inhibited by RNOS and this leads to a depletion of ATP and cellular energy, which may explain the multiple actions of NO in the regulation of immune and inflammatory cells.

TL;DR: Analysis of knockout mice revealed a pivotal role for MyD88 in the signaling of the TLR/IL-1R family, and together, TLRs and the downstream signaling pathway play a key role in innate immune recognition and in subsequent activation of adaptive immunity.

TL;DR: Recent discoveries in the regulatory role of NO in specific cell types, mechanisms of pro-APoptotic and anti-apoptotic induction by NO, and insights into the effects of NO on tumor biology are reviewed.

TL;DR: While sex hormones alone do not cause autoimmune disease, abnormal hormone levels may provide the stage for other factors to trigger disease and provide insight into the autoimmune diseases and new directions for their treatment.

TL;DR: The role of NO during a number of parasitic infections is summarized, drawing on specific examples of disease caused by protozoan and metazoan parasites.

TL;DR: Progesterone binding results in the synthesis of a mediator protein named the progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF), which by acting on the phospholipase A2 enzyme interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism, induces a Th2 biased immune response, and by controlling NK activity exerts an anti-abortive effect.

TL;DR: This review discusses the clinical and laboratory evidence for anti-allergy properties of fermented foods, and proposes a model for the mechanism by which some well-defined strains of immunoregulatory LAB might down-regulate a Th2 allergic phenotype.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the adjuvant activity of acemannan is at least in part due to its capacity to promote differentiation of immature DCs.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarize recent advances in this area and contrast the structure, function, and tissue distribution of membrane complement regulatory proteins in human and non-human mammalian species.

TL;DR: Findings on the complex impact of NO on transcriptional regulation of genes, cell death and cell survival will contribute to a better understanding of the impact of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme activity during inflammatory reactions.

TL;DR: It is indicated that IL-6 plays a principal role in the downregulation of PGP that is observed in the livers of mice during an inflammatory response.

TL;DR: In this paper, the 1-2-3 loci model of C4A and C4B genes in the population, factors affecting the expression levels of c4 transcripts and proteins, and structural, functional and serological diversities of the C4 proteins are described and contrasted with their human homologues.

TL;DR: Advances in the understanding of tumor suppressors and inflammatory mediators offer an opportunity to assess the molecular and cellular models used to guide laboratory investigations of this phenomenon, and disappointing results from recent clinical trials with anti-oxidant interventions raise questions about the risks from specific endogenous agents.

TL;DR: Evidence in experimental models, human autoimmune disease, and during pregnancy in autoimmune disease patients suggests disparate effects of estrogen and prolactin on autoimmune responses and disease pathogenesis, which will provide a better understanding of the female preponderance of autoimmunity and facilitate a more rational approach to hormonal immunotherapy.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the lipophilic statins influence a regulatory pathway in monocytes that controls cytokine production and that the statins induce different pro-inflammatory responses both in vitro and in vivo.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that dilution of the injection concentrate in aqueous solvents led to the formation of micelles and needle-like structures, both of which caused C activation in vitro, and that Taxol-induced C activation was manifested in varying rises of serum C3a-desarg, iC3b and SC5b-9.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that polysaccharide isolated from the radix of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) has a unique mode of immunostimulation with regard to its cell-type specificity, and suggested that PG is quite distinct from other well-known Immunostimulants, such as lentinan and schizophyllan, which mainly act upon macrophages and T cells.

TL;DR: In complement-resistant Borreliae, two outer surface proteins, the 27.5 kDa (CRASP-1, complement regulator-acquiring surface protein 1) and the 20/21 kDa, are responsible for the surface attachment of the two complement regulators.

TL;DR: In mouse models of T-cell-mediated autoimmunity such as myelin antigen-induced EAE, the disease is exacerbated by genetic deletion of iNOS, indicating that NO suppresses T- cell-mediated immunity in vivo, and interaction with superoxide diminishes the T-cells regulatory activity of NO.

TL;DR: The results suggest that tacrolimus suppresses the allergic cytokines from T cells, and that tac rolimus ointment is effective against atopic dermatitis through the inhibition of cytokine production.

TL;DR: It is suggested that dendritic cells and macrophages express two sorts of receptors, Toll-like receptors,TLR-2 and TLR-4, and a putative binding receptor for BCG-CWS, whose signaling pathways lead to a sufficient antigen-presenting state in the activation of the innate immune system.

TL;DR: Findings provide clear evidence for PPARgamma as a negative regulator of the inflammatory activation of both macrophage and T cells and may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of autoimmunity.

TL;DR: The pretreatment of splenocytes with histamine in the presence of anti-IL-10 abrogated histamine-mediated inhibition of IFN gamma production suggesting that the effects of histamine onIFN gamma secretion were regulated by IL-10 in multi-cell system.

TL;DR: Nucleotide analysis of human lymphocytes indicate that inhibition of proliferation by BCX-1777 correlates with dGTP levels in the cells, which indicates a novel class of selective immunosuppressive agents that could have therapeutic utility in various T-cell disorders.

TL;DR: A model is proposed that suggests estrogen, acting through the estrogen receptor, enhances T cell activation in women with lupus resulting in amplified T-B cells interactions, B cell activation and autoantibody production.

TL;DR: Results suggested that RJ suppressed antigen-specific Ig E production and histamine release from mast cells in association with the restoration of macrophage function and improvement of Th1/Th2 cell responses in DNP-KLH mice.

TL;DR: In this article, two types of GlcNAc-binding lectins, namely ficolin/P35 and Hakata antigen, were investigated and found to be associated with MASPs and sMAP and activate complement.

TL;DR: In vitro dopamine concentration, simulating the plasma concentration of the patients, significantly inhibited the proliferation and cytotoxicity of T cells of these patients and also of the normal volunteers, in presence of their respective serum.

TL;DR: Under pathological conditions, C5aR was found to be upregulated in various organs including the liver, and initiated glucose output from HC and perhaps other HC-specific defense reactions directly without the intervention of soluble mediators from nonparenchymal cells.

TL;DR: Modification of the immune-modulating properties brought by the degradation of quillaja saponins during vaccine storage may change the intended immune response from a Th1 to a Th2 type, which would have negligible effects on vaccines depending on Th2 immunity mediated by neutralizing antibodies.