Showing papers in "International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents in 2008"

TL;DR: Both microbiological and clinical cure rates were suboptimal in patients receiving cefepime or ceftazidime for the treatment of serious infections if the AUIC was <250 or T>MIC was <100%.

TL;DR: The survey found that the urinary tract is the commonest source of nosocomial infection, particularly when the bladder is catheterised, and Clinicians should always consider alternatives to indwelling urethral catheters that are less prone to causing symptomatic infection.

TL;DR: The prevalence of prostatitis symptoms is high, comparable to rates of ischaemic heart disease and diabetes, and clinical evaluation appears necessary to verify that prost atitis is responsible for patients' symptoms.

TL;DR: This remarkable compound has improved the lives and productivity of billions of humans, livestock and pets around the globe, and promises to help consign to the history books two devastating and disfiguring diseases that have plagued people throughout the tropics for generations--while new uses for it are continually being found.

TL;DR: Today, Acinetobacter resistant to carbapenems, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones presents a challenge to the clinician, however, sulbactam, tigecycline and colistin represent the current therapeutic approaches, which are associated with satisfactory efficacy.

TL;DR: Conjugation of capsular polysaccharides with a non-toxic diphtheria toxoid induces a B- and T-cell response resulting in mucosal immunity and thus effectively protects against vaccine serotypes that induce invasive pneumococcal disease, thereby at the same time reducing vaccine serotype carrier rates.

TL;DR: Several studies have shown that ICU patients with mucosal Candida colonization, particularly if multifocal, are at a higher risk for invasive candidiasis, and that colonization selects a population amenable to antifungal prophylaxis or empirical therapy.

TL;DR: Experimental studies of Gram-negative sepsis have shown considerable attenuation of the systemic inflammatory response following intravenous administration of clarithromycin, consistent with an increase in forced expiratory volume in 1s and a decrease in the rate of bacterial exacerbations.

TL;DR: A prospective observational study of adult CAP in 14 hospitals in eight Asian countries provides relevant information about pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance of major pathogens of CAP as well as clinical outcomes of illness in Asian countries.

TL;DR: The Etest method appears to be relatively more reliable in predicting treatment response and yielded higher MICs for strains with a hGISA phenotype, while VAN MIC testing methods produce highly variable results.

TL;DR: Two clinical isolates are reported, one Escherichia coli and one Klebsiella pneumoniae, each with high-level carbapenem resistance (imipenem minimum inhibitory concentration of 32 microg/mL), each with group 1 CTX-M-type ESBLs and had lost major outer membrane proteins.

TL;DR: In this paper, the antibiofilm activity of 10 terpenes was tested in vitro against three Candida species by 24-h treatment of biofilms aged 1-5 days.

TL;DR: It appears that the increased prevalence of ASB in diabetic women is not the result of a difference in causative bacteria, as the same virulence factors and resistance to antimicrobials were found in Escherichia coli isolated from the urine of diabetic women with ASB compared with non-diabetic controls.

TL;DR: PDR Gram-negative bacterial infections are associated with considerable mortality, although not as high as expected given the fact that the isolates were resistant to all tested antibiotics, including polymyxins.

TL;DR: According to PK/PD parameters, continuous infusion has theoretical advantages over intermittent infusion in this population of patients.

TL;DR: It is determined that d-alanine:d-alanin ligase (Ddl) is another new target for quercetin and apigenin, and this work is expected to help shed more light on the potential antibacterial mechanism of flavonoids.

TL;DR: Given the multiple and sometimes redundant virulence factors of S. aureus that enable it to be such a crafty pathogen, if a vaccine is to prove effective it will of necessity be multicomponent, incorporating a number of surface proteins, toxoids and surface polysaccharides.

TL;DR: A review of agents that have been shown to be efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) and which, if used as 'helper compounds' in combination with antibiotics to which the organism is initially resistant, may produce the required cure.

TL;DR: The poor agar diffusion characteristics of colistin limit the predictive accuracy of the disk diffusion test and consequently values of 12-13 mm should be confirmed with MIC determination by Etest or broth dilution method.

TL;DR: A better understanding of the molecular basis of resistance is urgently needed if it is to be successfully overcome and better global early warning systems to detect new resistances and put mechanisms in place for their control are urgently needed.

TL;DR: Tigecycline monotherapy has been shown to be as effective as its comparators and, against a backdrop of rising bacterial resistance, the role for tigecYcline in monotherapy of infections from Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria is a meaningful development.

TL;DR: A relatively simple automated method is presented that employs EtBr as an efflux pump substrate for the demonstration of intrinsic efflux activity in Escherichia coli K-12 AG100 and uses the Rotor-Gene 3000 instrument for real-time fluorometric measurement of EtBr accumulation under conditions that limit energy.

TL;DR: A scoring system using point values has been demonstrated to be useful in reducing rates of nosocomial VRE colonisation and overuse of antibiotics, and insensitive microbiological methods for detecting VRE in stool.

TL;DR: Of particular concern, healthcare-associated acquisition of CA-MRSA clones is now increasing, although major hospital outbreaks have not occurred yet.

TL;DR: No single routinely used clinical or laboratory test has been shown to achieve ideal sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI).

TL;DR: This review analyzes the molecular basis of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp.

TL;DR: The miniaturised microarray provides an effective, fast and simple method for detection of resistance genes in clinical isolates suitable for use in diagnostic laboratories, which in future will help to understand the epidemiology of isolates and to detect gene linkage in bacterial populations.

TL;DR: Three of the synthetic AMPs designed and synthesised showed higher antimicrobial activity and selectivity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria compared with the naturally occurring AMPs magainin 2a and pleurocidin.

TL;DR: Treatment including antimicrobial agents with intracellular antistaphylococcal activity appears appropriate for small colony variants, a naturally occurring, slow-growing subpopulation with distinctive phenotypic characteristics and pathogenic traits.

TL;DR: Tests of C. albicans strains ATCC 3153A and ATCC MYA 2876 showed that thymol interferes with the starting phases of biofilm production as well as with mature C.Albicans biofilms.