Showing papers in "International Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering in 2014"
TL;DR: After analyzing EEG signals with the Hjorth parameter, the performance of the feature extraction in EEG-based BCI systems was improved and the classification accuracy was improved by 4.4% on average.
Abstract: When processing electroencephalography (EEG) signals in motor imagery case, it is essential to analyze them in both time and frequency domains. An EEG signal has a non-stationary property and its frequency feature also differs from individual to individual. Thus, we can infer that each subject has one’s own dominant timing and frequency band for extracting distinguishable features. Based on this inference, after analyzing EEG signals with the Hjorth parameter, we select the principal frequency band and the timing using the Fisher ratio of the Hjorth parameter. By doing these, the performance of the feature extraction in EEG-based BCI systems was improved in terms of the classification accuracy by 4.4% on average. 1
189 citations
TL;DR: A simple and low complexity pulse peak detection algorithm using cascaded recursive digital filters and a slope sum function (SSF) with an adaptive thresholding scheme that employs knowledge-based rules as post- processing is proposed.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a simple and low complexity pulse peak detection algorithm using cascaded recursive digital filters and a slope sum function (SSF) with an adaptive thresholding scheme. The algorithm first eliminates noises in the photoplethysmogram (PPG) using the cascaded lowpass and highpass digital filters. The filters have been designed with 3-dB cutoff frequencies of 11 Hz and 0.5 Hz, respectively. The filtered PPG signal is then transformed by the SSF. The SSF simplifies detecting the pulse peaks by enhancing the upslope of the PPG signal and suppressing the remainder. A threshold for identifying SSF peaks is updated using the median filter with an order of 5. This update makes the threshold adaptive to variations of SSF heights. The detected SSF peaks localize ranges for pulse peak detection. Finally, the pulse peak is identified by picking the local maxima within the range from an onset index of the SSF signal to the following zero index. In order to cope with over-detected and missed information, the proposed algorithm employs knowledge-based rules as post- processing. The algorithm is tested on a database where PPG waveforms are collected from 127 subjects. The results are promising, suggesting that the method provides simpler but accurate pulse peak detection in real applications.
44 citations
TL;DR: An accurate and computationally efficient means of feature extraction of electromyographic (EMG) signal patterns has been the subject of considerable research effort in recent years.
Abstract: An accurate and computationally efficient means of feature extraction of electromyographic (EMG) signal patterns has been the subject of considerable research effort in recent years. Quantitative analysis of EMG signals provides an important source of information for the classification of neuromuscular disorders. The objective of this study is to discriminate between normal (NOR), myopathic (MYO) and neuropathic (NEURO) subjects. The experiment consisted of 22 pathogenic (11 MYO and 11 NEURO) and 12 healthy persons. The signals were recorded at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) for 5 seconds. Features of MUAPs extracted in time have been quantitatively analysed. We have used binary SVM for classification. Separation of normal subjects from neuromuscular disease subjects has an accuracy of 83.45%, whereas separation of subjects from the two types of subjects (myopathic and neuropathic) has an accuracy of 68.29% which is again high.
23 citations
TL;DR: The purpose of the paper is to give a frame of reference, understanding, and overview of antennas used in wireless communication devices, and a brief framework of comparisons between various antennas is presented on the basis of various parameters.
Abstract: The extensive demand for mobile communication and information exchange through wireless devices has lead to major achievements in antenna designing. The purpose of the paper is to give a frame of reference, understanding, and overview of antennas used in wireless communication devices. In this paper we will be discussing various antennas, their advantages and drawbacks. Also a brief framework of comparisons between various antennas is presented on the basis of various parameters. This paper also summarizes the benefits and use of PIFA for USB dongle to cover the WiMAX bands.
18 citations
TL;DR: This paper describes a simple fourstep process for designing and implementing digital circuits entirely within the domain of multi-valued logic to improve the speed of computation and contributes new designs formulti-valued memory and flipflops.
Abstract: To further increase the speed of computation, this paper aims to design and implement digital circuits entirely within the domain of multi-valued logic. In a fourvalued logic circuit, each wire carries two bits at a time, each logic gate operates two bits at once, and each memory cell records two bits at one time. To make the multi-valued computation possible, this paper describes a simple fourstep process for designing multi-valued circuits to implement any multi-valued functions. The design of a fourvalued adder is provided as an example. This paper also contributes new designs for multi-valued memory and flipflops, which can be extended to be used for infinite-valued or Fuzzy logic circuits, for fully exploiting many-valued logic and fuzzy paradigm in hardware. The multi-valued circuit design methodology and the multi-valued memory provide the necessary and sufficient tools and components for designing multi-valued systems entirely within the domain of multi-valued logic.
15 citations
TL;DR: An attempt is being made to enlighten the importance of IPv6 in current scenario and the key reasons to deploy the IPV6, and also discusses the standards and techniques which are required for smooth interoperation between the two protocols.
Abstract: IPv4 is the most dominant addressing protocol used on the Internet and most private networks today. With the advent of wide variety of devices and upcoming technologies, the limited addresses of IPv4 are not able to cope with the current internet. IPv6 was mainly developed to resolve the addressing issues as well the security concerns which are lacked by IPv4. One of the major challenges in the internet is to deploy IPv6. In the transition to IPv6, both IPv6 and IPv4 will co-exist until IPv6 eventually replaces IPv4. In this paper an attempt is being made to enlighten the importance of IPv6 in current scenario and the key reasons to deploy the IPV6, and also discusses the standards and techniques which are required for smooth interoperation between the two protocols.
13 citations
TL;DR: The application of Proteus VSM (Virtual System Modeling) software as a real-time simulation tool to model the performance of BLDC motor drive following hardware implementation is introduced.
Abstract: Abstract—This paper presents a simple way of designing a low cost microcontroller based 3-phase trapezoidal backemf permanent magnet BLDC motor drive, its simulation and hardware implementation. This controller is intended to drive a BLDC motor at any desired speed and at any load within its rated value. Pulse width modulation (PWM) technique has been adopted for developing 120-degree sixstep BLDC motor control algorithm. The microcontroller PIC18F4331 is used to utilize its six dedicated PWM channels for energizing the 3-phases of the BLDC motor. This paper also introduces the application of Proteus VSM (Virtual System Modeling) software as a real-time simulation tool to model the performance of BLDC motor drive following hardware implementation. The Proteus VSM simulation environment is preferred since it enables direct implementation of the compiled program file to the microcontroller both for simulation and hardware model, thus reducing hardware development time. Experimental verification has been carried out to validate the simulated circuit. Index Terms—BLDC motor, PWM, PIC18F4331 microcontroller, proteus VSM software
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a simple and low cost optical tilt sensor with sensitivity of 50mV/o and working range of ±50o is presented for the purpose of kinematic monitoring system, which consists of a cylindrical shaped transparent container with half filled color liquid and an optical source and detector.
Abstract: For the purpose of kinematic monitoring system a prototype relatively simple and low cost optical Tilt (or inclination) sensor with sensitivity of 50mV/o and a working range of ±50o is presented in this paper. The sensor consists of a cylindrical shaped transparent container with half filled color liquid and an optical source and detector. The sensor principle based on temporal changes in light intensity due to variation of optical path length through a liquid medium with the tilt angel of sensor module. This change of light intensity detected by an optical detector & eventually processed by a signal processing circuit (SPC) to display the tilting (or inclination) value digitally. Proposed sensor's exhibits an accuracy of 0.8o and resolution of 0.09o respectively.
12 citations
TL;DR: This paper has collected data of 400 faces from school students in Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir and applied Machine Learning Methods such as Bayes, Function, Lazy, Meta, Misc, Rules and Tree to classify the faces and non- faces using 10 fold cross validation.
Abstract: Face detection technique is used for face authentication and verification and face detection is a front part of face recognition. It is used in many fields such as authentication security, video surveillance and human interaction system. In this paper we have collected data of 400 faces from school students in Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir. Besides, 50 non-faces are also collected. Both faces and non-faces are preprocessed using Background Elimination, Noise Reduction, Width Normalization and Thinning. After the preprocessing, we have extracted features from 400 faces and 50 non-faces including Geometric Features such as Image Cropping, Vertical/Horizontal Projection, Global Features such as Aspect Ratio, Normalized Area of Faces and Non-faces, Center of Gravity, Slope of Line joining the center of Gravity and texture features. Finally, we have applied Machine Learning Methods such as Bayes, Function, Lazy, Meta, Misc, Rules and Tree to classify the faces and non- faces using 10 fold cross validation. HyperPipes gives an overall higher accuracy of 99.8%, while ADTree, LWL and LogiBoost gives accuracy of more than 99%. The average AUC of ROC value was calculated as 96.08%.
10 citations
TL;DR: This paper compares various methodologies for the design of Sobel Edge Detection Algorithm on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and shows some characteristics to design a computer vision algorithm to suitable hardware platforms.
Abstract: This paper compares various methodologies for the design of Sobel Edge Detection Algorithm on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). We show some characteristics to design a computer vision algorithm to suitable hardware platforms. We evaluate hardware resources and power consumption of Sobel Edge Detection on two studies: Xilinx system generator (XSG) and Vivado_HLS tools which both are very useful tools for developing computer vision algorithms. The comparison the hardware resources and power consumption among FPGA platforms (Zynq-7000 AP SoC, Spartan 3A DSP) are analyzed. The hardware resources by using Vivado_HLS on both platforms are used less 9 times with BRAM_18K, 7 times with DSP48E, 2 times with FFs, and approximately with LUTs comparing with XSG. In addition, the power consumption on Zynq-7000 AP SoC spends more 30% by using Vivado_HLS than by using XSG tool and for Spartan 3A DSP consumes a half of power comparing with by using XSG tool. In the study by using Vivado_HLS shows that power consumption depends on frequency.
10 citations
TL;DR: The design features of the GCCIA Back-to-Back HVDC station are summarized, both the technical considerations and physical characteristics of the project are illustrated, and the operational experience since its operation in 2009 is highlighted.
Abstract: The Gulf Cooperation Council Interconnection Authority (GCCIA) has constructed and commissioned a 400kV interconnection grid between Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar and United Arab of Emirates (UAE), that includes 900 km of overhead lines, seven 400kV substations, a 1800MW three-pole back-to-back HVDC converter station and a submarine cable to Bahrain. This paper summarizes the design features of the GCCIA Back-to-Back HVDC station, illustrates both the technical considerations and physical characteristics of the project, and highlights the operational experience since its operation in 2009. Also, the paper provides some environmental aspects and personal recommendations, and sum up with illustrative conclusion over the covered topics.
TL;DR: In this article, the reported method of Equivalent Transfer Function (ETF) method for PI/PID decoupled controller design of multi-input multi-output square systems (Xiong, et al., 2007) is extended to non-square systems.
Abstract: The reported method of Equivalent transfer function(ETF) method for PI/PID decoupled controller design of multi-input multi-output square systems (Xiong, et al., 2007) is extended to non-square systems. This method is applied by simulation to Example considered by Ogunnaike and Ray (1994) given by 2×3 system. Simulation studies have been carried out for servo problem and regulatory problems. Robust performance (10% increase in each process gain, 10% increase in each time delay, and 10% decrease in each time constant) of servo problem and regulatory problem are also checked. The improvement of performance of non-square controller compared with that square controller is evaluated. The performance is evaluated in terms of ISE.
TL;DR: The aim of the paper is to model and to optimize the available by means of data mining techniques to predict the crop yield and deal with Density based Clustering Technique.
Abstract: Over the last few decades, Information Technology become a part of our daily life. Technology breakthroughs have made in industry and services as well as in agriculture. The connection between Information Technology and Agriculture has become an interesting area of research in yield prediction subject to the available data. A farmer harvest not only crops but also growing amount of data. A farmer wants to know about the applications of recent technologies in agriculture. Such technological requirement from the farmer lead to extracting the knowledge from the available data. The knowledge extraction methods in data mining are to be explored in order to obtain the crop yield prediction. Lots of data mining techniques were used in agriculture. Some of the widely used data mining techniques over agriculture data sets are Multiple Linear Regression, Density based Clustering Technique, K-Means approach, K-Nearest Neighbor, Artificial Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines. In this context the main aim of the paper is to model and to optimize the available by means of data mining techniques to predict the crop yield. This paper presents a brief idea of the widely used data mining techniques over agriculture data sets and deal with Density based Clustering Technique. Index Terms—information technology, agriculture, yield prediction, data mining, multiple linear regression, density based clustering technique, K-Means approach, K-Nearest neighbor, artificial neural networks, support vector machines
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have used the multi-conductor transmission line theory to develop the mathematical model of the electric traction system and to compute the characteristic impedance and propagation constant of this system.
Abstract: The modal analysis, which decouples the contact wire and rail track conductors, is used to develop an integrated model of single rail track and contact wire. The characteristic impedance and propagation constant matrices of integrated model have been computed. The authors have studied effects of various parameters of interest on characteristic impedance and propagation constant using sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity functions of series impedance and shunt admittance related to contact wire and catenary have been developed and validated in this paper. Index Terms—railway traction lines, characteristic parameters, sensitivity analysis, parameter sensitivity I. INTRODUCTION Railway electric traction system is a fast and green transportation system with enhanced load carrying capacity. The analysis and design of power and signaling system of railway electric traction system needs mathematical model of the system. The authors in this paper have used the multi-conductor transmission line theory to develop the mathematical model of the electric traction system and to compute the characteristic impedance and propagation constant of this system. This approach can then be extended to find the voltage and current distribution of the system. The characteristic impedance and propagation constant are the functions of line parameters i.e. self and mutual impedances and admittances of contact wire and rail track. The numerical values of these parameters are not accurately known under practical conditions as they are dependent on varying/uncertain parameters like permeability, supply frequency and shape of the conductor. In order to study the effect of these uncertain parameters on the characteristic parameters of the railway electric traction system, the authors have carried out the sensitivity analysis of characteristic impedance and propagation constant with respect to the above mentioned parameters of interest for the first time in the literature. In a rail track ferromagnetic material, both saturation and hysteresis are
TL;DR: In this article, a system consisting of an Infra Red (IR) transceiver for continuous surveillance of the enclosure is proposed, where an intrusion subsequently disturbs the IR beams and generates a signal which triggers the camera and associated entities like hooter and spotlight.
Abstract: Intrusion Detection System, as the name suggests is such an arrangement whereby any unauthorised access to private premises can be monitored closely. This paper suggests the development of a system which ameliorates the traditional way of fencing to avoid in filtration. The system comprises of Infra Red (IR) transceiver for continuous surveillance of the enclosure. An intrusion subsequently disturbs the IR beams and generates a signal which triggers the camera and associated entities like hooter and spotlight. The camera captures still sand records a video as soon as the intrusion occurs. These images and video along with the location of the intrusion are sent to the central control station through the dual-radio board for the authorities to take actions efficiently. Area of application mainly include large storage premises or agricultural land where safety of the goods is a major concern and this system can be deployed as the primary hurdle for intruders besides the traditional way of fencing with bar bed wires.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared various benchmarking methodologies employed for productivity and efficiency measurement in electricity distribution utilities and suggested future directions for further detailed analysis to identify the underlying contribution causes or mitigating factors to improve performance of production entity.
Abstract: Benchmarking in recent years has become an important tool to set performance benchmarks for production entities thus comparing measures of actual performance against a reference performance. It identifies the key potential areas where a particular production entity is not performing well and suggests future directions for further detailed analysis to identify the underlying contribution causes or mitigating factors to improve performance of production entity. Many researchers had previously used benchmarking studies to assess how well the production entities are doing. This paper compares various benchmarking methodologies employed for productivity and efficiency measurement in electricity distribution utilities.
TL;DR: In the current research endeavor the atmospheric and troposphere error sources and its impact on GPS position accuracy is critically analyzed and a tropospheric error correction model is simulated on real captured GPS data and results are analyzed.
Abstract: The GPS (Global Positioning System) is used for navigation and positioning purposes by a diverse set of users. The navigation solution provided by a commercial GPS receiver is subject to errors contributed by various sources. These sources of errors in GPS navigation (e.g. satellite clock, receiver clock, atmospheric and multipath errors etc.) induce biases in the measurement of pseudo range and degrade system accuracy. In the current research endeavor the atmospheric and troposphere error sources and its impact on GPS position accuracy is critically analyzed. In this regard a tropospheric error correction model is simulated on real captured GPS data and results are analyzed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the analysis of a small-area on-chip solenoid inductor using the 0.13μm digital CMOS process, which is vertically constructed using metal and via layers with a horizontal scalability.
Abstract: This paper presents the analysis of a small-area on-chip solenoid inductor using the 0.13μm digital CMOS process. The on-chip solenoid inductor is vertically constructed using metal and via layers with a horizontal scalability. This gives the advantage of occupying a small area due to its 3-D structure compared to a spiral inductor. The electrical characteristics of the solenoid inductor have been analyzed by employing 3-D EM simulation. The proposed equivalent model of the solenoid inductor is introduced to get the insight of the scalability so that the selection of the inductance is simply choosing the number of turns. This small area solenoid inductor can be good candidate for LC type VCO for GHz PLL in the standard CMOS process with saving die cost.
TL;DR: An improved filter selection method using Welch's t-test based on discriminative filter bank common spatial pattern (DFBCSP) to find out not only contributory but also redundant filters used to classify features efficiently is proposed.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose an improved filter selection method using Welch's t-test based on discriminative filter bank common spatial pattern (DFBCSP). Existing DFBCSP used the Fisher ratio in order to find out discriminative filters. However, the Fisher ratio can be used to know only comparative value of distinguishability but may not become a meaningful criterion to reject null hypothesis. As a reasonable alternative, we have introduced the Welch's t-test to find out not only contributory but also redundant filters used to classify features efficiently. Experimental results show that the classification accuracy increased by 1.28% on average when using the proposed filter selection method.
TL;DR: In this article, three wind farms of different wind speed connected to grid with and without flexible AC transmission systems have been proposed and simulations are carried out using Matlab/Simulink to investigate the performance of the proposed system under normal and abnormal conditions.
Abstract: Integration of wind power into power grid has developed several problems like lack of reactive power at point of common coupling which leads to voltage stability problems for the utility owner. Due to the weakness of shunt capacitor banks in maintaining voltage stability as well as reactive power improvement at point of common coupling and wind turbine generator bus, STATCOM and SVC as dynamic var compensators have been attached at the transmission network to support the stability of the proposed system. In this paper, three wind farms of different wind speed connected to grid with and without flexible AC transmission systems have been proposed. Simulations are carried out using Matlab/Simulink to investigate the performance of the proposed system under normal and abnormal conditions.
TL;DR: An enhancement of the existing DYMO protocol has been proposed by applying ACO technique and shortest routes to the destination have been computed using pheromone trail values generated by ant agents and stored in phersomone routing tables.
Abstract: In this paper, an enhancement of the existing DYMO protocol has been proposed by applying ACO technique. Ant agents have been applied instead of TCP agents while generating traffic. The proposed routing protocol has been implemented using ant based routing. Network simulator ns2 version 2.34 has been used to simulate, verify and validate the results. The proposed protocol combines route maintenance feature of DYMO and shortest best path feature of ant routing technique. Shortest routes to the destination have been computed using pheromone trail values generated by ant agents and stored in pheromone routing tables. Node connectivity has been increased by using ant agents with DYMO mechanism.
TL;DR: Different techniques for distribution system planning have been presented based on previous literature to anticipate the future requirement and new hybrid techniques can be developed to enhance the current distribution system with the incorporation of more system constraints.
Abstract: Distribution system planning is extremely important for the end consumers of electricity; it is indeed become necessity to explore the area of real term planning of distribution system. The practical planning of distribution system incorporates the selection of optimal conductor size selection and capacitor placement in radial distribution network in distribution system. The load flow needs to carry out on the distributed system for power flow calculation at each node subjected to various system constraints to minimize total energy losses as well as cost. The capacitor placement includes the voltage constraint and load variation. Reactive power status needs to be investigated for the voltage profile on the feeder. In this paper, different techniques for distribution system planning have been presented based on previous literature to anticipate the future requirement and new hybrid techniques can be developed to enhance the current distribution system with the incorporation of more system constraints.
TL;DR: In this paper, a switching technique with current limiter capability has been investigated to control the switching sequence between the battery and the introduced supercapacitor to reduce the power consumption of the battery.
Abstract: In automotive vehicle, battery plays a vital role in starting /cranking vehicle engines. High power density is a key requirement for this service. The performance of lead acid battery is limited due to many factors such as number of charge-discharge cycles and temperature. The introduction of a supercapacitor supplying the high power density is expected not only to increase life of the battery but also to reduce its size, capacity and weight. In this paper, a switching technique with current limiter capability has been investigated to control the switching sequence between the battery and the introduced supercapacitor. This technique reduces the power density required by the battery as well as providing greater number of starts with lesser cracking time intervals. The starting/cranking power density has also been reduced employing the developed control technique. An efficient and more robust starting/cranking technique has been developed.
TL;DR: Experimental results show that the proposed method yields better performance of formant estimation when compared to some conventional methods in white noise.
Abstract: In this paper we present a complex linear prediction analysis method for estimating the formant frequencies of noisy speech. The proposed method effectively utilizes the signal (being the analytic signal) which is ignored in the conventional complex linear prediction analysis to achieve noise reduction. Also, the covariance and forward-backward linear prediction (FBLP) methods are compared, and the FBLP method is deployed for predictive coefficients estimation in the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed method yields better performance of formant estimation when compared to some conventional methods in white noise.
TL;DR: A phase locked loop circuit that uses Phase Frequency Detector with NOR gates and divide- by-64 with pseudo-NMOS divide-by-2 frequency divider is proposed, designed and simulated in TSMC 0.18um 1P6M CMOS process technology to come up with minimum chip area and achieve fast lock-in time.
Abstract: A phase locked loop circuit that uses Phase Frequency Detector with NOR gates and divide-by-64 with pseudo-NMOS divide-by-2 frequency divider is proposed, designed and simulated in TSMC 0.18um 1P6M CMOS process technology to come up with minimum chip area and achieve fast lock-in time. This PLL design is specifically intended for Continuous-Time Sigma-Delta ADC operating at 640MHz frequency which is an important component of ICs used in electronics and communication devices whose clock rates and timing relationships are vital. This work has a lock-time of around 2.5us which is a fast lock-in value for the lock-in time of ADC clock generator. The desired output frequency which is 640 MHz is achieved on all corners ranging from 608 MHz to 672 MHz which is within 640MHz ±5% tolerance. In terms of the charge pump current, the proposed design used 77uA which is within the typical values of charge pump current ranging from 10uA to 100u. The PLL displays minimum total chip core area which is 8.3393 nm 2 and 0.2049 um 2 for off-chip and on-chip filter, respectively.
TL;DR: The implemented digital filters built in a mobile device can conclude the fact that the artifacts in the ambulatory ECG signal due to base-line wandering and power- line instability can be efficiently reduced.
Abstract: Digital filtering process is often necessary to suppress the noisy characteristics embedded in biomedical signals such as ECG (Electrocardiogram), EEG (Electroencephalogram), and EMG (Electromyogram). As the availability and usage levels of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) increases, the applications of ubiquitous healthcare are expected to be accelerated in the form of pervasive healthcare utilizing the mobile devices for the next decade. One of these aspects, ambulatory ECG signals can be transmitted to a mobile device to offer telecardiology healthcare delivery. However the signal is vulnerable to base-line drift and power-line source fluctuations. With this aim, the digital filtering algorithms are implemented with an android platform smartphone to eliminate the noisy components especially in the ECG signal transmitted wirelessly from the wearable patch-style heart activity monitoring system. Graphical User Interface (GUI) is designed and implemented in an Android OS smartphone with programming multi-thread- Java modules to realize FIR (Finite Impulse Response Filter) and IIR (Infinite Impulse Response Filter). With applying our implemented digital filters built in a mobile device, we can conclude the fact that the artifacts in the ambulatory ECG signal due to base-line wandering and power- line instability can be efficiently reduced.
TL;DR: The enhanced scheme presented will provide platform for users to use the network at will and at different rate, thereby improving efficiency and quality of service and will enhance research activities in no small measure in the citadel of learning.
Abstract: Bandwidth resource management has been adjudged a powerful scheme in controlling communications on a network to avoid overfilling the link to capacity which always results in network congestion and poor quality of service. Bandwidth throttling, a technique widely used in many universities is been considered in this work. It is a process of blocking some links on the network over a period of time in order to conserve the bandwidth. However, it has these limitations: denial of service, slow loading, skipping and stuttering experiences jeopardizing efforts of researchers and general usage of the network which are great challenge in an academic environment. Hence, needs for an enhanced bandwidth management mechanism to overcome these limitations and to improve quality of network service. Effort in this paper is to design and implement an enhanced bandwidth management mechanism to improve efficiency and quality of service in an academic environment by integrating two intelligent tools (SQUID and CBQ) in a prioritization scheme. The enhanced scheme presented will provide platform for users to use the network at will and at different rate, thereby improving efficiency and quality of service. Consequently, this will enhance research activities in no small measure in our citadel of learning.
TL;DR: This work proposes an additional degree of freedom for the commercially available Phantom Omni haptic device through a custom detachable stylus attachment to maintain low-cost design while achieving realistic force feedback commercial off-the-shelf hardware including a positional encoder and DC actuator is employed.
Abstract: Haptic technology enables systems to interact with the human's sense of touch, and has been proposed for applications across a wide variety of domains. The cost prohibitive nature of most haptic devices however remains a contributing factor in preventing widespread real-world implementation. While some low-cost commercial-off-the-shelf haptic devices have been introduced, they do not provide the range of capabilities required by many applications. One solution to achieving the capability required using these devices is through the addition of adaptors and mechanisms. In doing so however there are distinct challenges in maintaining low-cost implementation. This work proposes an additional degree of freedom for the commercially available Phantom Omni haptic device. Torque feedback around the roll axis of the user-held stylus is achieved through a custom detachable stylus attachment. To maintain low-cost design while achieving realistic force feedback commercial off-the-shelf hardware including a positional encoder and DC actuator is employed. In terms of the required mechanical fabrication, manufacture through low-cost rapid prototyping was utilised as discussed in this paper. In order to demonstrate the operation of the system, spring-based haptic rendering simulating a screw insertion task was implemented.
TL;DR: The Importance of telemedicine applications in real time applications and other is described.
Abstract: During the past decade, more and more people have been able to avoid physically going into work by telecommuting from their home computer to diagnosing their emergency health problems. Medicine has taken a cue from this growing trend by combining telecommunications technology and medicine to create telemedicine and telehealth care. While healthcare professionals have always communicated with one another over the telephone, telemedicine kicks things up a notch by utilizing sophisticated satellite technology to broadcast consultations between healthcare professionals who are oceans apart or only a few miles away. Videoconferencing equipment and robotic technology have helped to make doctor’s offices and medical facilities as close to one another as the nearest computer screen. There are two popular types of technology used for telemedicine applications. The first of these is called “store and forward”. In this paper we describe the Importance of telemedicine applications in real time applications and other.
TL;DR: A closed-loop system is designed to consider the robustness of the proposed controller and a parallel feedforward compensator is added in parallel with the plant.
Abstract: In this paper, design of a model-following controller with stabilized digital inverse system in a closed loop is proposed. In this paper, the proposed inverse system is placed in front of the plant. Our model-following control system was developed using the above structure. However, when the relative degree of the transfer function for a continuous-time plant is greater than 3, the discrete-time system is often in the non-minimum phase. In addition, unstable zeros appear when the chosen sampling period is too short. To solve these problems, an auxiliary output is used in the design. We designed a closed-loop system to consider the robustness of the proposed controller. In addition, a parallel feedforward compensator is added in parallel with the plant