Showing papers in "Journal of Coastal Research in 2018"

Recent Evolution of the Natural Inlets of a Barrier Island System in Southern Portugal

Abstract: Four natural inlets, existing in a multi-inlet, barrier island system, were studied for the period between the 1940s and 1996. Inlet width and position of the inlet channel were determined using a series of vertical aerial photos and charts. The objective of the work was to determine the association between inlet migration patterns and different hydrodynamic conditions, major storms and engineering interventions. Results indicate that natural inlet opening and evolution were mainly affected by three factors: (a) existence of sub-embayments (western and eastern) inside the system, (b) exposure to wave energy, and (c) inlet efficiency. Two distinctive eastward migration patterns were found by analysing the correlation coefficient (r) between inlet width evolution and inlet migration and by the comparison of the shape of the curves fitted to the inlet migration behaviour.Typical migration of the high-energy flank (on the west side of the system) is characterised by an initial stage of readjustment, ...

Understanding Tidal Marsh Sedimentation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California

Abstract: Over 90% of the once vast tidal-freshwater wetlands of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta have been leveed and removed from tidal and floodwater inundation. Contemporary restoration efforts breach and/or remove the levees surrounding delta islands with the goal of regaining wetland habitat. However, experience so far with levee-breaches, both planned and unplanned, has shown that the transition from shallow open water to Tule marshes occurs slowly, if at all. Sedimentation rates in tidal marshes are an important control on this transition. This two-year study examined potential controlling factors on vertical accumulation including sediment type, and inorganic and organic soil components. Measured rates of surface accretion are in excess of 10 mm/yr. Gravimetric determinations show the main control on variations in soil accretion appears to be mineral sediment accumulation, with highest rates being close to inputs from the Sacramento River and lowest rates in interior marshes in the south-central d...

A biophysical and socioeconomic review of the Volta Delta, Ghana

Abstract: Appeaning Addo, K.; Nicholls, R.J.; Codjoe, S.N.A., and Abu, M., 2018. A biophysical and socioeconomic review of the Volta delta, Ghana. Delta regions are dynamic and rich environments with diverse economic activities and are often densely populated. Deltas are being shaped by multiple drivers, including changes in sediment delivery to the coastal zone due to catchment changes, especially construction of dams on major rivers, intensified agriculture and/or aquaculture, mining, urbanisation, human-induced subsidence, climate change, and sea-level rise. These environmental challenges have significant implications for the livelihoods of delta residents. Thus, the integrated assessment of deltas is now attracting the attention of the scientific research community to analyse and understand deltas as coupled biophysical and socioeconomic systems. Most attention has been focussed on the major deltas. This review focusses on the smaller but regionally significant Volta delta, Ghana. Previous scientific s...

The Effects of Coastal Dune Volume and Vegetation on Storm-Induced Property Damage: Analysis from Hurricane Ike

Abstract: Sigren, J.M.; Figlus, J.; Highfield, W.; Feagin, R.A., and Armitage, A.R., 2018. The effects of coastal dune volume and vegetation on storm-induced property damage: Analysis from Hurricane Ike. In response to numerous recent high-profile cases of tropical storm and hurricane damage to coastal communities, there has been increasing attention on the storm protection services provided by coastal ecosystems. However, substantial knowledge gaps exist regarding the quantitative economic benefits of such services, particularly for coastal vegetated dune ecosystems. A novel geographic information system (GIS)-based technique for delineating, quantifying, and relating coastal dune volume, vegetation area, and geographic and built-environment covariates to sustained property damage was used for the upper Texas coast following Hurricane Ike in 2008. The multivariate regression analysis contained more than 1000 homes spanning both sides of the storm's path. Dune volume and vegetation were both significantly ...

Island Edge Morphodynamics along a Chronosequence in a Prograding Deltaic Floodplain Wetland

Abstract: Bevington, A.E. and Twilley, R.R., 2018. Island edge morphodynamics along a chronosequence in a prograding deltaic floodplain wetland. Much of the previous research on coastal deltaic land building has focused on the planform delta dimensions; whereas this research focuses on shifts in vertical elevation and deltaic island edge cross-sectional morphology in relation to a proposed conceptual model of deltaic island edge morphological development. This study was conducted using data collected from the Wax Lake Delta in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Island edge cross-sectional elevation profiles were extracted from a 2012 LIDAR elevation survey. Four morphometric variables (levee width, interior slope, mean elevation range, and total elevation range) were selected to describe the shape of each of these profiles, and each profile was also assigned to an age class, which was determined based on mapping of historic deltaic island extent from aerial imagery. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to ...

Effects of Artificial Canal Openings on Fish Community Structure of Imboassica Coastal Lagoon, Rio deJaneiro, Brazil

Abstract: The embankment of the Imboassica River formed the Imboassica Lagoon located to north of the State of Rio de Janeiro by the coastal sandbank, which separates it permanently from the sea. Formerly, the lagoon used to be connected to the sea naturally when waves broke the sandbar. Presently, connection is established artificially to prevent roads and houses from flooding. Such action increases the diversity of fish species living in the lagoon and therefore expands the fishing activity. This study investigated the effects of such openings on the structure of local fish community. Among the 26 species collected by gillnets, Hoplias malabaricus, Paralichythys brasiliensis, Gerres aprion, Genidens genidens, Strongylura timucu, Mugil curema, and Geophagus brasiliensis were the most abundant during the study. Lycengraulis grossidens, Archosargos probatocephalus, Tilapia rendalli, and Micropogonias furnieri were dominant before the canal was opened, whereas Anchovia clupeoides and Trachinotus carolinus we...

Defining Dunes: Evaluating How Dune Feature Definitions Affect Dune Interpretations from Remote Sensing

Abstract: Wernette, P.; Thompson, S.; Eyler, R.; Taylor, H.; Taube, C.; Medlin, A.; Decuir, C., and Houser, C., 2018. Defining dunes: Evaluating how dune feature definitions affect dune interpretations from remote sensing. Coastal resiliency is the ability of a beach–dune system to recover to a previous state after a storm, and this resiliency is affected by prestorm beach and dune morphology and storm climate (i.e. storm frequency and intensity). Improvements in remote sensing technology such as LIDAR and structure from motion have enabled rapid collection and production of digital elevation models used to assess storm impact and recovery. Although rapid poststorm assessment requires a consistent approach for extracting dune morphology, relatively little attention has focused on defining the different parts of a dune. The goals of this paper are to examine how the definition of a dune feature drives the methodology used to extract dunes and to synthesize a comprehensive definition of dune features. An ana...

Multi-proxy Characterization of Hurricanes Rita and Ike Storm Deposits in the Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge, Southwestern Louisiana

Abstract: Yao, Q.; Liu, K.-B., and Ryu, J., 2018. Multi-proxy Characterization of Hurricane Rita and Ike Storm Deposits in a Coastal Marsh in the Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge, Southwestern Louisiana. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 841–845. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In 2005 and 2008, Hurricanes Rita and Ike made landfalls as category 3 and 2 hurricanes to the west of Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge (RWR) in southwestern Louisiana. In 2013, three ~30 cm sediment monoliths dominated by brown clay were recovered along a ~30 m transect perpendicular to the shoreline from the RWR. Each monolith contains two distinct light-colored calcareous storm deposits that are attributable to these two landfalling hurricanes. Loss-onignition and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses were performed on all three sediment monoliths to study the sedimentological and geochemical characteristics of these two storm deposits. The geochemical results show that the storm deposits are characterized by higher-than-average values of Ca, Sr, Zr, and carbonates and low percentages of water and organics. In addition, remote sensing images show that the rate of average shoreline retreat at the RWR is ~14.5 m/yr from 1998 to 2017, and 19 m/year and 25.5 m/yr during the Hurricane Rita and Ike years, respectively. Both loss-on-ignition and XRF results also show that despite being a stronger storm, the Hurricane Rita layers are much thinner than those of Hurricane Ike in all monoliths. Remote sensing data support our interpretation that Hurricane Rita caused significant shoreline erosion and coastal recession in 2005, rendering the sampling locations at least 30 m closer to the ocean and thereby more susceptible to storm surges when Hurricane Ike struck in 2008. Thus, these results suggest that site-to-sea distance is an important factor in determining the thicknesses of storm deposits in coastal wetlands, particularly along shorelines undergoing rapid marine transgression.

An Internet of Things–based Simulation Study on Lijiang River Water Environment Monitoring

Abstract: Biqing, L.; Xiaomei, Y., and Shiyong, Z., 2018. An Internet of Things–based simulation study on Lijiang River water environment monitoring. In: Ashraf, M.A. and Chowdhury, A.J.K. (eds.), Coastal Ecosystem Responses to Human and Climatic Changes throughout Asia.The Internet of Things platform for environmental monitoring of the Lijiang River water, based on the representational state-transfer structure, is proposed in response to problems, such as an insufficient monitoring site, high complexity, and poor extendibility. The sensor node and node-state data were abstracted into resources, whose characteristics of concision, high efficiency, and loose coupling could satisfy the requirements of Lijiang River water-environment monitoring. The Alibaba cloud Elastic Compute Service server was adopted to establish the developmental environment for user management, GIS, real-time data display, and historical data inquiry with the help of a Laravel structure and a lightweight jQuery front-end framework. This platform could satisfy the requirements of fishery and animal industries, scientific research institutes, and governmental sectors, and enable the sharing of monitoring data on the Lijiang River water environment. According to the simulation results, the proposed technologies have not only realized remote data acquisition and transmission of water resource monitoring in real time with high reliability but also improved the economic efficiency of the entire network's energy loss.

Interaction between Catchment Basin Management and Coastal Evolution (Southern Italy)

Abstract: The research highlights the consequence of an imbalance between “basin management scale” and “coastal management areas” and investigates the relationship between coastline erosion and natural evolution of the inland system at the short-medium timescale while taking account of local climatic changes and sea level rise. The study was undertaken in the Bradano and Basento catchment basins, on the Ionian coast of Basilicata Region (Southern Italy) through an institutional agreement between ENEA (the National Agency for New Technologies) and the Italian Ministry of Environment. In this area previous studies highlighted an important erosional coastline trend that began about 1950. No previous study has considered the role of the coastal river catchment area in this erosion. With this aim, contemporary data for coastal and inland evolution were gathered and compared, implementing existing knowledge with land use analysis in the Bradano and Basento basins using multitemporal Landsat TM Images. For the co...

Rapid, Remote Assessment of Hurricane Matthew Impacts Using Four-Dimensional Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry

Abstract: Sherwood, C.R.; Warrick, J.A.; Hill, A.D.; Ritchie, A.C.; Andrews, B.D., and Plant, N.G., 2018. Rapid, remote assessment of Hurricane Matthew impacts using four-dimensional structure-from-motion photogrammetry. Timely assessment of coastal landforms and structures after storms is important for evaluating storm impacts, aiding emergency response and restoration, and initializing and assessing morphological models. Four-dimensional multiview photogrammetry, also known as structure from motion (4D SfM), provides a method for generating three-dimensional reconstructions of landscapes at two times (before and after events) using only photos and existing information for ground control points. Here, these techniques were applied using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-obtained oblique aerial photos taken before (2015) and immediately after Hurricane Matthew (2016) to assess coastal changes near Matanzas, Florida. This work demonstrated that 3D digital elevation models can be constru...

Saltwater Intrusion into a River with High Fluvial Discharge: A Microtidal Estuary of the Magdalena River, Colombia

Abstract: Ospino, S.; Restrepo, J.C.; Otero, L.; Pierini, J., and Alvarez-Silva, O., 2018. Saltwater intrusion into a river with high fluvial discharge: A microtidal estuary of the Magdalena River, Colombia. The Magdalena River (Bocas de Ceniza) forms a microtidal estuary subjected to numerous interventions aimed to guarantee navigability towards the port of Barranquilla, Colombia. Significant sedimentation processes are still frequent in this area, however. Understanding the dynamics of both saltwater intrusion and mixing conditions is a fundamental requisite to understanding the sedimentation dynamics in these types of estuaries. The effects of river discharge, tide, and winds on stratification patterns, and mixing and saltwater intrusion dynamics in the estuary of the Magdalena River were evaluated, focusing on the effects of river discharge variability. The three-dimensional hydrodynamic model MOHID was implemented, and calibration and validation of the model were carried out using in situ velocity, te...

Relative Contribution of Wave Setup to the Storm Surge: Observations and Modeling Based Analysis in Open and Protected Environments (Truc Vert beach and Tubuai island)

Abstract: Pedreros, R.; Idier, D.; Muller, H.; Lecacheux, S.; Paris, F.; Yates-Michelin, M.; Dumas, F.; Pineau-Guillou, L., and Senechal, N., 2018. Relative contribution of wave setup to the storm surge: observations and modeling based analysis in open and protected environments (Truc Vert beach and Tubuai island). In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 1046–1050. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Recent events like the Xynthia (2010, France) storm illustrate the potentially devastating effect that storm surges can have on the coasts. Nearshore storm surges at the result mainly from two processes: atmospheric surges and wave setup. This paper investigate the relative wave setup contribution in the storm surge signal for energetic events and focusing on two cases: an open beach (Truc Vert beach, France) and a high island protected by a reef lagoon (Tubuai, French Polynesia). The two selected events are the Johanna storm (March'08), for the Truc Vert site, and the Oli cyclone (February'10), for Tubuai. The data analysis shows that the maximum total storm surge reaches 1.2 m on the Truc Vert site and 1.1 m in the Tubuai lagoon. On the Truc Vert beach, the ECORS'08 in-situ measurements allow estimating a wave setup contribution of 80% of the total storm surge, at the time of maximum storm surge. The relative contribution of the wave setup is investigated a bit further, using the modeling approach. The modeling relies on the joint use of a shallow-water (MARS 2DH) and wave (SWAN) models. It shows an heterogeneous distribution of the wave setup in the Tubuai lagoon and a longshore variability close to the waterline for Truc Vert (~ 30%). In both cases, the wave setup contribution to the whole storm surge is predominant, with relative values ranging from 71 to 120% of the total maximal storm surge. Values larger than 100% occur on the Tubuai site when the atmospheric storm surge is negative.

Regional Green Innovation Efficiency in High-End Manufacturing

Abstract: Li, L.; Lei, L., and Han, D., 2018. Regional green innovation efficiency in high-end manufacturing. In: Ashraf, M.A. and Chowdhury, A.J.K. (eds.), Coastal Ecosystem Responses to Human and Climatic Changes throughout Asia.Using regional panel data of the high-end manufacturing industry in China from 2011 to 2015, the authors use projection tracking and a stochastic frontier model to analyze regional green innovation efficiency and influencing factors. Research shows that the innovation efficiency national average in high-end manufacturing is between 0.7 and 0.8 and that regional green innovation efficiency is polarized, presenting as high in the east and low in the west. Both of these measures illustrate some room for green innovation improvement. The number of research and development institutions and industry agglomeration have a significant positive influence on green innovation, while government funding plays a supporting role. Environmental regulation, market maturity, and degree of openness to the outside world have some negative effects on green innovation, with environmental regulation having significant effects. This paper provides evidence for the improvement of green innovation efficiency in the high-end manufacturing industry in China.

Estimating Coastal Digital Elevation Model Uncertainty

Abstract: Amante, C.J., 2018. Estimating coastal digital elevation model uncertainty.Integrated bathymetric–topographic digital elevation models (DEMs) are representations of Earth's solid surface that extend across the coastal land–water interface. DEMs are fundamental to the modeling of coastal processes, including tsunami, storm-surge, and sea-level-rise inundation. Vertical errors in coastal DEMs are deviations in elevation values from the actual seabed or land surface, which originate from the (1) elevation measurements, (2) datum transformation that converts bathymetric and topographic measurements to a common vertical reference system, (3) spatial resolution of the DEM, and (4) interpolative gridding technique that estimates elevations in areas unconstrained by measurements. The magnitude and spatial distribution of the vertical errors are typically unknown, and a DEM uncertainty surface is a statistical assessment of the likely magnitude of these errors. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information develops DEMs for United States' coastal communities. This study describes a methodology to derive uncertainty surfaces that estimate coastal DEM vertical errors at the DEM cell–level. A coastal DEM south of Sarasota, Florida is the case study for deriving uncertainty surfaces. Results indicate that large vertical uncertainty exists in deeper waters offshore with sparse echo-sounder measurements, and small vertical uncertainty exists on flat terrains with dense light detection and ranging measurements. The estimated uncertainty can be propagated into the modeling of coastal processes that utilize DEMs by deriving numerous plausible DEM realizations within the uncertainty bounds. The numerous DEMs realizations can then produce an ensemble of coastal modeling results, and in turn, better-informed coastal management decisions.

Mapping Out Climate Change: Assessing How Coastal Communities Adapt Using Alternative Future Scenarios

Abstract: Lipiec, E.; Ruggiero, P.; Mills, A.; Serafin, K.A.; Bolte, J.; Corcoran, P.; Stevenson, J.; Zanocco, C., and Lach, D., 2018. Mapping out climate change: Assessing how coastal communities adapt using alternative future scenarios. Coastal communities are increasingly experiencing climate change–induced coastal disasters and chronic flooding and erosion. Decision makers and the public alike are struggling to reconcile the lack of “fit” between a rapidly changing environment and relatively rigid governance structures. In efforts to bridge this environment-governance gap in Tillamook County, Oregon, stakeholders formed a knowledge-to-action network (KTAN). The KTAN examined alternative future coastal policy and climate scenarios through extensive stakeholder engagement and the spatially explicit agent-based modeling framework Envision. The KTAN's results were further evaluated through a two-step mixed methods approach. First, KTAN-identified metrics were quantitatively assessed and compared under pres...

Seasonal export of dissolved organic matter from a New England salt marsh.

Abstract: Schiebel, H.N.; Gardner, G.B.; Wang, X.; Peri, F., and Chen, R.F., 2018. Seasonal export of dissolved organic matter from a New England salt marsh. The seasonality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) export from a New England salt marsh was investigated using multiple estuary transects along with laboratory plant leaching experiments. From 2001 through 2013, 35 transects of the Neponset Estuary in Boston, Massachusetts, were conducted to measure high-resolution in situ chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) fluorescence, along with other standard oceanographic parameters, via sensors incorporated into an undulating depressor wing known as the mini-shuttle. Water samples were collected during each cruise for discrete dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and CDOM fluorescence analyses. Seasonal salt marsh DOC export rates ranged from 1.1 × 107 to 15 × 107 mol C season−1 (10–140 mol C m−2 season−1). The total export was found to be 23 ± 17 × 107 mol C y−1 (210 mol C m−2 y−1) with river discharge, temp...

Wave Damping due to Wooden Fences along Mangrove Coasts

Abstract: Dao, T.; Stive, M.J.F.; Hofland, B., and Mai, T., 2018. Wave damping due to wooden fences along mangrove coasts. In the Mekong Delta, as in many other mangrove settings, wooden fences are considered beneficial coastal structures to provide sheltering for mangrove replantation efforts by reducing waves and currents and promoting sedimentation. One of the most quantitative previous studies on fence-induced wave reduction offered a first understanding of relevant process parameters. The present application of the advanced numerical time-domain wave model SWASH increases this understanding substantially and explains previously unexplained phenomena that were encountered in this earlier study. The findings reveal that wave damping increases with increasing fence thickness and with increasing density of the woody material in the fences. It further shows that the transmitted wave height (represented by the transmission coefficient) is inversely proportional to the Ursell number, implying that nonlinear ...

Mangrove Response to Land Use Change in Estuaries along the Semiarid Coast of Ceará, Brazil

Abstract: Godoy, M.D.P.; Meireles, A.J.A., and Lacerda, L.D., 2018. Mangrove response to land use change in estuaries along the semiarid coast of Ceara, Brazil. Mangroves cover an estimated area of approximately 12 to 20 million ha worldwide and serve as protection for the coastline from erosion and flooding. Nearly 70 mangrove species are considered endangered and could disappear in the next decade, which would have devastating economic and environmental consequences for coastal communities because of their ecological and economic importance. The annual rate of disappearance of coastal ecosystems is four times greater than the rate of the disappearance of rain forests. Mangroves suffer great pressure from the rapid conversion of forests into agricultural and urban areas, and, in these scenarios, climate change promotes specific pressures on mangroves and may increase the effects of anthropogenic activities. The focus of this study was to map the changes in mangrove areas in six river estuaries in Ceara, n...

Co-creating Resilience Solutions to Coastal Hazards Through an Interdisciplinary Research Project in New Zealand

Abstract: Kench, P.S.; Ryan, E.J.; Owen, S.; Bell, R.; Lawrence, J.; Glavovic, B.; Blackett, P.; Becker, J.; Schneider, P.; Allis, M.; Dickson, M., and Rennie, H.G. 2018. Co-creating resilience solutions to coastal hazards through an interdisciplinary research project in New Zealand, In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 1496–1500. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Coastal communities ‘living at the edge’ face intensification and acceleration of coastal hazard risk in the face of climate change. Communities will need to be adaptive in reducing these risks now and over long timeframes. Developing coastal hazard adaptation pathways requires co-production of interdisciplinary knowledge between scientists, policy makers and communities. However, there remains little guidance and limited dialogue about the research practices and frameworks that unde...

Quantifying the Effects of Climate Variability and Direct Human Activities on the Change in Mean Annual Runoff for the Bahe River (Northwest China)

Abstract: Mo, S.; Li, Z.; Gou, K.; Qin, L., and Shen, B., 2018. Quantifying the effects of climate variability and direct human activities on the change in mean annual runoff for the Bahe River (Northwest China). Evaluating the impacts of climate change and human interference on runoff is critically important for regional water security. This study investigated the effects of climate variability and direct human activities on the change in mean annual runoff for the Bahe River in Northwest China. Precipitation, evaporation, and runoff data from 1959 to 2010 were analyzed at the Luolicun and Maduwang hydrologic gauge stations, and their temporal trends were explored using the Mann-Kendall test. A Mann-Kendall-Sneyers test and the double mass curve were applied to detect the statistically significant transition points in the hydrometeorological records. Results indicated no change point in upstream runoff in the Bahe River from 1959 to 2010; however, a clear transition point existed in midstream runoff in 19...

A Quantitative Comparison of Low-Cost Structure from Motion (SfM) Data Collection Platforms on Beaches and Dunes

Abstract: Conlin, M.; Cohn, N., and Ruggiero, P., 2018. A quantitative comparison of low-cost Structure from Motion (SfM) data collection platforms on beaches and dunes. Observations of beach and dune geomorphology are critical for characterizing coastal processes and hazards. A relatively new approach for monitoring the coastline is Structure from Motion photogrammetry (SfM), a technique that uses overlapping photographs to reconstruct three-dimensional surfaces. In this study, a quantitative comparison of multiple low-cost kite-, pole-, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)–based SfM data collection platforms is performed to illuminate important considerations when choosing an SfM platform for use in measuring beach and dune topography. A multicriteria analysis based on SfM results and platform usability is used to complete this comparison. Results show that UAV-based platforms received high performance scores, largely because these stable, high-flying platforms provide images with adequate texture to allow ...

Predictions of large-scale coastal tendency: development and application of a qualitative behaviour-based methodology

Abstract: The prediction of coastal evolution is difficult due to the variety of spatial and temporal scales over which coastal changes occur, and the inter-dependence between different geomorphic features as components of the natural system. Despite these difficulties, it remains necessary to attempt to identify coastal geomorphic issues that are relevant over decades to centuries. This paper describes the development of geomorphic tools to assist in gaining an improved understanding of coastal behaviour, based upon key controls, influences and linkages within the coastal system. These geomorphic tools are then applied to the coastline of central southern England in order to demonstrate their applicability.

Cliff Retreat Induced by Series of Storms at Międzyzdroje (Poland)

Abstract: Terefenko, P.; Giza, A.; Paprotny, D.; Kubicki, A., and Winowski, M., 2018. Cliff Retreat Induced by Series of Storms at Miedzyzdroje (Poland). In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 181–185. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. In Miedzyzdroje, a coastal town in Poland, significant cliff retreat has been observed in recent times. It used to be considered mainly a response to storm events with particularly high water levels and wave energy. However, morphology of cliff coasts is shaped not only by the most extreme storm surges or by a number of accompanying processes such as precipitation. Much wider effects are now being linked to the occurrence of series of subsequent storms. This research uses a set of five terrestrial LiDAR surveys carried out between November 2016 and April 2017 to determine short-term cliff erosion associated with t...

Diachronic Condition Between Maximum Transgressive and Maximum Eustatic Sea-Level in Holocene: Subsidies for Coastal Management

Abstract: Barboza, E.G.; Rosa, M.L.C.C.; Dillenburg, S.R.; Watanabe, D.S.Z.; Esteves, T.; Martins, E.M., and Gruber, N.L.S., 2018. Diachronic Condition Between Maximum Transgressive and Maximum Eustatic Sea-Level in Holocene: Subsidies for Coastal Management. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 446–450. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The coastline of Pelotas Basin/Brazil displays alternate sectors showing long-term conditions of erosion and accretion during the Holocene, corresponding to retrogradational/transgressive and progradational/regressive barriers respectively. Currently, the retrogradational/transgressive sectors are suffering from problems related to coastal erosion, generating problems for the public and private sectors. Thus, it is important to understand if coastal sectors suffer long-term erosion. The transition between a re...

Palynological and Geochemical Records of Environmental Changes in a Taxodium Swamp near Lake Pontchartrain in Southern Louisiana (USA) during the Last 150 Years

Abstract: Ryu, J.; Bianchette, T.A.; Liu, K.-B.; Yao, Q., and Maiti, K.D., 2018. Palynological and Geochemical Records of Environmental Changes in a Taxodium Swamp near Lake Pontchartrain in Southern Louisiana (USA) during the Last 150 Years. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 381–385. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The hydrological and environmental histories of estuarine wetlands in southern Louisiana are not well-documented. To better understand their local developmental processes, a 59 cm sediment core (WMA-1) was extracted from a bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) swamp located approximately 800 m west of Lake Pontchartrain. This area has been heavily influenced by human activities, and is susceptible to inundation from storm surges from Lake Pontchartrain as well as fluvial and lacustrine processes. 210Pb analysis indicates that WMA-1 has a sedimentation rate of 0.39 cm/year, consistent with the detection of a 137Cs peak at 18 cm depth. Sedimentological and geochemical analyses reveal two distinct sedimentological facies: an organic-rich dark brown peat unit from 0 to 29 cm containing low concentrations of terrestrial elements (e.g., Ti, and Fe), and a clay unit from 29 to 59 cm with elevated concentrations of most elements (e.g., Sr, Cl, Ti, Mn, and Fe). The pollen assemblage in the clay section is dominated by TCT (mainly Taxodium), but it is replaced by Salix and wetland herbaceous taxa in the overlying peat. The Taxodium swamp was present at the site at least 150 years ago, and was replaced by Salix and other bottomland hardwood trees and wetland herbs due to a decrease in water level around AD 1940. While climate may have played a role, this hydrological change was most likely caused by the significant regional human activities during the last 100 years. Two thin clay layers (at 3–5 cm, 14–19 cm) embedded in the upper peat section were likely deposited from hurricanes Isaac (2012) and Betsy (1969): two events responsible for heavy rain and significant storm-surge flooding. Our findings suggest that human activities are capable of altering local wetland hydrology and ecology, while the clay layers represent hurricane-induced floods at the site during the past century.

Projections of Future Beach Loss due to Sea Level Rise for Sandy Beaches along Thailand's Coastlines

Abstract: Ritphring, S.; Somphong, C.; Udo, K., and Kazama, S., 2018. Projections of future beach loss due to sea level rise for sandy beaches along Thailand's coastlines. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 541–545. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Coastline recession caused by sea level rise due to climate change has become one of the most significant issues worldwide. Thailand's coastlines is also likely to face erosion, especially in the low-lying areas, and its future projection due to sea level rise is necessary. This study compiled a database of beach characteristics, including grain size diameter, beach slope and beach width, to assess the projections of future beach loss along Thailand's coastlines against sea level rise scenarios of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) in 2081–2100, relative to a reference period 1986–2005 by using the Bruun rule. Future national beach loss rates were projected to be 45.8% for RCP2.6, 55.0% for RCP4.5, 56.9% for RCP6.0 and 71.8% for RCP8.5. In addition, the rate against the sea level scenarios projected by each CMIP5 model for RCP4.5 ranges from 49.1% for MPI-ESM-LR to 73.4% for MIROC-ESM-CHEM. Based on the current beach situation, sandy beaches in 8 and 23 out of 51 zones will disappear for RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, respectively. These findings will help governors and stakeholders develop adaptation strategies against beach loss due to sea level rise.

Determining Shoreline Response to Meteo-oceanographic Events Using Remote Sensing and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV): Case Study in Southern Brazil

Abstract: Albuquerque, M.; Alves, D.C.L.; Espinoza, J.M.A.; Oliveira U. R., and Simoes R. S., 2018. Determaning shoreline response to meteo-oceanographic events using remote sensing and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV): case study in southern Brazil. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 766–770. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Meteo-oceanographic events are characterized by low pressure centers and intense winds. These systems are responsible for transferring a huge amount of energy from the atmosphere to the ocean that could cause serious socioeconomics damages to the coastal zones. Some of the consequences of these events propagation are an occurrence of large amplitude waves and an increase in the coastal water level. This study aims to characterize the effects of the extratropical cyclone in the southern Brazil occurred in October 2016, see...

Modelling Water Surface Topography at a Complex Inlet System – Teignmouth, UK

Abstract: Accurate water surface topography data and its spatial and temporal variability provide information about the interaction of physical processes acting in coastal regions. At the inlet system in Teignmouth, UK, these data complement methods for the extraction of nearshore morphology using remotely sensed video techniques. The video methods normally assume that the water surface is horizontal over the region, an assumption that is often invalid in shallow water. The study area is a complex macro-tidal inlet system bounded by a rocky headland and a 2 km-long beach. In order to predict the water surface topography and its response to different tide, wave and river discharge conditions, a calibrated and validated numerical model (MIKE21 HD, NSW) was applied. The water surface topography at the inlet and adjacent coast exhibits high spatial and temporal variability, mainly related to the tidal phase. It is the interaction between the tidal phase and the sandbar morphology, defining the velocity field i...

Stormwater Inundation Analysis in Small and Medium Cities for the Climate Change Using EPA-SWMM and HDM-2D

Abstract: Kim, S.E.; Lee, S.; Kim, D., and Song, C.G., 2018. Stormwater Inundation Analysis in Small and Mediun Cities for the Climate Change Using EPA-SWMM and HDM-2D. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 991–995. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The increase of rainfall intensity and flash-flood due to climate change are expected to exacerbate flood inundation in urban area. Especially, small and medium cities lacking drainage facilities are more vulnerable to flood inundation than large cities. This study introduces a simplified urban stormwater inundation simulation modelling for the two small and medium-sized cities located in South Korea using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and a HydroDynamic Model-2D(HDM-2D). EPA-SWMM model which are widely used to the runoff analysis of urban areas containing drainage pipe network, was used to calculate runoff flow and surcharged overflow of the existing urban drainage network. Then, a 2-D inundation model, HDM-2D was coupled with 1-D EPA-SWMM model to simulate the flood propagation in urban areas. The 1-D/2-D coupled model was calibrated with the real rainfall events and applied to analyze the effect of climate change on urban stormwater inundation for the 30-year frequency of design rainfall calculated by RCP 4.5 of the IPCC RCPs. In a simplified inundation analysis based on 1-D/2-D coupled simulation, the small-scale urban flooding in the small and medium cities was rapidly propagated within two hours after the occurrence of a surcharge overflow. The flooding wave propagation was highly related to the flow interaction with topographical obstacles as road, and bottom elevation or slope.