Showing papers in "Journal of Human Evolution in 2000"

TL;DR: The African Middle and early Late Pleistocene hominid fossil record is fairly continuous and in it can be recognized a number of probably distinct species that provide plausible ancestors for H. sapiens, and suggests a gradual assembling of the package of modern human behaviors in Africa, and its later export to other regions of the Old World.

TL;DR: The highest correlation between skin reflectance and UV levels was observed at 545 nm, suggesting that the main role of melanin pigmentation in humans is regulation of the effects of UV radiation on the contents of cutaneous blood vessels located in the dermis.

TL;DR: Mechanical scaling of long bone bending/torsional strength is similar in the upper and lower limbs despite the fact that the upper limb is not weight-bearing, and results for cortical area are more variable, possibly due to a less direct dependence on mechanical factors.

TL;DR: This study examines the extent to which the major dimensions of the cranial base (maximum length, maximum breadth, and flexion) interact with brain volume to influence major proportions of the neurocranium and face and highlights how integration between the Cranial base and the brain may help to account for the developmental basis of some morphological variations such as occipital bunning.

TL;DR: A revised stratigraphy for the early hominid site of Sterkfontein (Gauteng Province, South Africa) reveals a complex distribution of infills in the main excavation area between 2.8 and 1.4 m.y.a, as well as deposits dating to the mid to late Pleistocene.

TL;DR: The results indicate autumn hunting of reindeer by Middle Palaeolithic hominids and the Salzgitter Lebenstedt assemblage is the best example yet known in terms of systematic and routinized processing of game.

TL;DR: It is parsimonious to suggest that the relative size of the whole of the frontal lobe has not changed significantly during hominid evolution in the Plio-Pleistocene.

TL;DR: Etablies pour la sequence de Tabun par ESR et par thermoluminescence donnent une chronologie plus ancienne pour Tabun avec un âge de 122+-16ka.

TL;DR: The results suggest that energy acquisition and storage are critically important in the life history strategies of female sifaka, and that "capital breeding" may be a feature of s ifaka reproductive strategies.

TL;DR: Hominids were the predominant accumulator of Sizes 2-4 mammals in Layers 10 and 11 as indicated by the frequency of hammer-stone percussion marks and carnivore toothmarks, and the larger mammal fauna of Layer 10 is dominated by Sizes 3 and 4 bovids, and thus hominids were focusing on the high-ranked prey items.

TL;DR: The Die Kelders ungulate bones support those from Klasies River Mouth in suggesting that MSA people obtained dangerous terrestrial prey much less frequently than their LSA successors, probably because MSAPeople lacked the bow and arrow and other projectile weapons.

TL;DR: The visual predation hypothesis of primate origins is reformulate by incorporating in vivo and fossil data and thus offers new insights into major adaptive transformations in the primate skull.

TL;DR: The brain morphology of Australopithecus africanus appears more human like than that of Paranthropus in terms of overall frontal and temporal lobe shape, and new data do not support the proposal that increased encephalization is a shared feature between Par anthropus and early Homo.

TL;DR: The essential features of symphyseal morphology in H. sapiens are pointed out, which are present and well-defined in the fetus at least as early as the fifth gestational month and serve to emphasize the importance of studying this region in juveniles whenever possible.

TL;DR: Synthesis of paleoenvironmental indicators of A. anamensis at Kanapoi and Allia Bay, Kenya suggests that as early as 4 Ma hominids thrived in varied ecosystems.

TL;DR: Data from Homo and several large predators including Panthera pardus, Dinofelis sp.

TL;DR: Overall, Morotopithecus is reconstructed as an arboreal species that probably relied on forelimb-dominated, deliberate and vertical climbing, suspension and quadrupedalism and may be the only well-documented African Miocene hominoid with a close relationship to living apes and humans.

TL;DR: Results show that significant directional changes do occur in the A. afarensis mandibles and teeth, and in these elements, the species is not static, even though other factors, such as sexual dimorphism, may also play a part.

TL;DR: The hominid mandible and a third metatarsal found in Dmanisi (Republic of Georgia) are accompanied by a rich faunal assemblage and a core-chopper stone tool industry that indicate that hominids took place in a mosaic environment of open steppe and gallery forests at the beginning of the early Pleistocene.

TL;DR: This analysis evaluates the relations between measures of dimorphism and several estimates of mating system and intrasexual competition and concludes thatDimorphism alone provides poor resolution for reconstructing behavior.

TL;DR: Examination of the responses of members of a single clade, the Catarrhini, indicates that the main catarrhine genera of eastern Asia responded individually to the environmental changes in the Pleistocene, influenced by the life history parameters and diets of the genera involved.

TL;DR: The locomotor anatomy of A. afarensis may have been optimized for a particular ecological niche-slow speed foraging-and is neither compromised nor transitional, and the maximum daily range of AL 288-1 may well have been substantially smaller than that of modern people.

TL;DR: Arboreal and terrestrial species do not show consistent differences in long bone reinforcement, and Kimura's conclusions must be modified to take into account the interaction of bone length and cross-sectional geometry.

TL;DR: The results of these procedures provide an unambiguous refutation of a model of complete replacement within this region, and indicate that the Ngandong hominids or a population like them may have contributed significantly to the ancestry of WLH-50.

TL;DR: Some measure of long-term population continuity in the Maghreb and surrounding region is supported, whereas greater North African population heterogenity during the Late Pleistocene is implied.

TL;DR: Luminescence analyses of five samples from Die Kelders cave demonstrate sufficient bleaching prior to burial to validate dating and that yield ages of about 60-70 ka, in agreement with other evidence from sedimentology, archaeology and electron spin resonance.

TL;DR: The study showed that diagenesis of the deposits in the eastern areas of the excavation resulted in decalcification, which in turn brought about slumping and compaction, which means that in spite of lowered and more distant shorelines, marine resources were exploited during Middle Stone Age times.

TL;DR: All apes display significantly less spinal disease than in a comparable human sample, and these differences are most likely a consequence of human biomechanical adaptations for bipedal locomotion.

TL;DR: The phylogenetic relationships among the genera of the tribe Papionini are inferred using a taxonomic congruence approach in which gene trees derived for eight unlinked genetic sequence datasets are compared and morphological features such as long faces, suborbital facial fossae, and terrestrial skeletal adaptations are discussed.