Showing papers in "Journal of International Marketing in 1995"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed, assessed, and synthesized existing empirical research on factors impeding the initiation, development, or sustainment of export activities, and investigated 35 factors.
Abstract: The article attempts to review, assess, and synthesize existing empirical research on factors impeding the initiation, development, or sustainment of export activities. The investigation covered 35...
343 citations
TL;DR: The globalization of markets and competition has created unlimited opportunities for marketers of services internationally as discussed by the authors, and service providers, with a wide range of products ranging from professional services to consumer goods, have been able to exploit these opportunities.
Abstract: Globalization of markets and competition has created unlimited opportunities for marketers of services internationally. Service providers, with a wide range of products ranging from professional se...
190 citations
TL;DR: Most prior research on barriers to exporting has been descriptive as discussed by the authors, and the perceived importance to firms of numerous barriers has been documented in various countries and regions. Perceptions of barrie...
Abstract: Most prior research on barriers to exporting has been descriptive. The perceived importance to firms of numerous barriers has been documented in various countries and regions. Perceptions of barrie...
115 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report the results of a cross-sectional data collection in four Russian cities to ascertain whether, during the evolution of marketing in a transitio... and the objective of the research is to ascertain how marketing evolves over time.
Abstract: This article reports the results of a cross-sectional data collection in four Russian cities. The objective of the research is to ascertain whether, during the evolution of marketing in a transitio...
104 citations
TL;DR: The move toward European integration entails significant adjustments in a firm's marketing strategy as discussed by the authors, despite the dismantling of legislative barriers, cultural milieu of the various member nations w.r.t.
Abstract: The move toward European integration entails significant adjustments in a firm's marketing strategy. Despite the dismantling of legislative barriers, cultural milieu of the various member nations w...
99 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the unique role of new product factors in a firm's propensity to export and its performance in exporting new products is investigated, and results from a sample of Australian firms show that...
Abstract: This study investigates the unique role of new product factors in the firm's propensity to export and its performance in exporting new products. Results from a sample of Australian firms show that ...
71 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the exporting behavior of man and analyze the effect of internationalization of firms in theory development and empirical testing during the last two decades, while researchers continue to concentrate on the exportation behavior of men.
Abstract: Though the internationalization of firms has progressed in theory development and empirical testing during the last two decades, researchers continue to concentrate on the exporting behavior of man...
55 citations
TL;DR: The authors argue that it is hazardous to conduct cross-national marketing research without evaluating the potential influential effects of multivariate outliers, which are observations distinct from the majority of cases.
Abstract: Structural equation modeling with latent variables is being used more frequently in international marketing research. However, the authors argue that it is hazardous to conduct cross-national marke...
45 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the influences of the Single Market Initiative on the European retail sector and discuss the strategic trends in European retailing, and explore the influence of the SMI on European retail.
Abstract: The Single Market Initiative (SMI) has resulted in many changes in European retailing. This study explores the influences of the SMI on the European retail sector and discusses the strategic trends...
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the existence of possible underlying import problem dimensions and examined potential differences in perceptions of importing problems based upon level of import development, and identified several significant differences in perceived import problems between different groups of firms in terms of their import development.
Abstract: As opposed to the plethora of export-related studies, limited empirical work has been conducted on firms’ import behavior in the field of international business. The focus of this study is an investigation of problems confronting UK importing distributor firms in their trading activities with U.S. exporting manufacturers. An attempt is made specifically to explore the existence of possible underlying import problem dimensions and examine potential differences in perceptions of importing problems based upon level of import development. The study identifies several significant differences in perceived import problems between different groups of firms in terms of their level of import development. The implications of the findings for importers, exporters, and public export policy markers are highlighted, and future research directions discussed alongside the limitations of the study.
25 citations
TL;DR: The emergence of significant trade blocks, such as the European Union (EU) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), has established the need for studies on managerial strategies to effectively manage trade.
Abstract: The emergence of significant trade blocks, such as the European Union (EU) and the North American Free Trade Agreement, has established the need for studies on managerial strategies to effectively ...
TL;DR: The growing importance of international marketing operations for the survival and success of an increasing number of businesses underscores the need to understand their involvement in these activit... as mentioned in this paper, and the need for understanding their role in these activities.
Abstract: The growing importance of international marketing operations for the survival and success of an increasing number of businesses underscores the need to understand their involvement in these activit...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationships among firm performance, international markets, international product strategy, and the international integration of marketing activities, and found that performance was positively associated with international markets and product strategy.
Abstract: This study investigated the relationships among firm performance, international markets, international product strategy, and the international integration of marketing activities. Performance was o...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the preponderance of pan-European brands and discover what modifications are needed to the marketing strategy of a brand to achieve pan- European sales.
Abstract: This article considers the issue of the globalization of brands, relat ing the concept to the European arena. While the evidence for global brands is mixed, in Europe the opening up of the Single Mar ket suggests opportunities for marketers to reap the benefits of har monization of laws relating to advertising, the development of pan-European media, and "reciprocity." Through empirical re search of the 100 top UK brands in consumer non-durables, this study examines the preponderance of pan-European brands and discovers what modifications are needed to the marketing strategy of a brand to achieve pan-European sales. It also presents the fac tors that are considered to have most influenced these modifica tions. A definition of the term "pan-European," from the point of view of the respondents themselves, is also offered.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated separate cases of marketing blunders committed by prominent multinationals in Japan, including General Mills, Avon Cosmetics, Simmons Mattress, Procter and Gamble, Gene...
Abstract: This article investigates separate cases of marketing blunders committed by prominent multinationals in Japan. Examined are General Mills, Avon Cosmetics, Simmons Mattress, Procter and Gamble, Gene...
TL;DR: In its first 18 months of operation, Euro Disney, a new theme park outside Paris, France, lost almost $1 billion as discussed by the authors, which was the largest ever loss for a theme park.
Abstract: In its first 18 months of operation, Euro Disney, a new theme park outside Paris, France, lost almost $1 billion. How could an improved version of a highly successful enterprise like Disneyland in ...
TL;DR: In the mid-1970s, Goodyear's European advertising approach, designed to achieve an optimal balance between standardization and localization, was presented in a Journal of Marketing article as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In the mid-1970s, Goodyear's European advertising approach—designed to achieve an optimal balance between standardization and localization—was presented in a Journal of Marketing article. Since tha...
TL;DR: The authors investigates separate cases of marketing blunders committed by prominent multinationals in Japan, including General Mills, Avon Cosmetics, Simmons Mattress, Procter and Gamble, General Motors, Ford Motor, and Chrysler.
Abstract: This article investigates separate cases of marketing blunders committed by prominent multinationals in Japan. Examined are General Mills, Avon Cosmetics, Simmons Mattress, Procter and Gamble, General Motors, Ford Motor, and Chrysler. A pattern of fundamental blunders is revealed that is common to all. This pattern and the lessons it suggests for management are discussed in detail. Suggestions are offered on how marketing blunders can best be avoided, in general, by firms seeking to sell in international markets. ABSTRACT
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the factors that have made the global expansion of Russian aerospace enterprises possible and the importance of "relational networks" as key strategic assets of these companies, and conclude that international networking, technology sharing, co-marketing, cross-licensing, and other forms of international strategic partnerships represent an important change in the ways that companies do business.
Abstract: This article highlights the factors that have made the global expansion of Russian aerospace enterprises possible and the importance of “relational networks” as key strategic assets of these companies. Russian aerospace organizations appear to have developed some distinct core competencies, such as state-of-the-art technology, capacity to manufacture high-performance products and systems at relatively low costs, and pragmatic management. These companies also pursue strategies leading to the use of a variety of different types of international strategic partnerships, including joint ventures, joint R&D agreements, co-production agreements, co-marketing alliances, and cross-licensing agreements. The article concludes with a section on the implications for American companies in the global marketplace. It is argued that international networking, technology sharing, co-marketing, cross-licensing, and the other forms of international strategic partnerships represent an important change in the ways that companies do business. These arrangements necessitate a different approach to corporate management and organization. The potential advantages of value-driven superstructures, cross-functional teams, cross-organizational task forces, and improved understanding of foreign cultures have been specified.
TL;DR: Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others as mentioned in this paper ; however, it is also a subjective process.
Abstract: “Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others” (Kotler 1991). This defi...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a presentation made by the author to the staff of the International Trade Centre and the GATT in Geneva in the summer of 1994, highlighting the similarities between the In...
Abstract: This article is based on a presentation made by the author to the staff of the International Trade Centre and the GATT in Geneva in the summer of 1994. It highlights the similarities between the In...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors place a significant emphasis on the role of exporting and its importance to the survival of small and medium-sized firms in international markets, and present a conceptual and practical approach to understand the contemporary issues in the international markets.
Abstract: thorities in the marketing field, International Marketing Strategy makes a solid effort in addressing the environmental, external, and internal strategic dimensions, and implementation issues that are of major concern to the new international market entrants. Given the increasing numbers of small and medium-sized firms participating in international markets, the authors place a significant emphasis on the role of exporting and its importance to the survival of these companies. Approached from both a conceptual and practical perspective, this book is of interest to anyone-academician or practitioner-trying to better understand the contemporary issues in the international markets.
TL;DR: A considerable amount ofresearch has been accumulated in international marketing under the rubric of country-of-origin (COO) effects on product evaluations as mentioned in this paper, which was inspired by an apparently simple hypothesis that consumers regard products made in more developed countries as being of higher quality than those made in less developed ones.
Abstract: Over the past two decades, a considerable amount ofresearch has been accumulated in international marketing under the rubric of country-of-origin (COO) effects on product evaluations. The whole area was inspired by an apparently simple hypothesis that consumers regard products made in more developed countries as being ofhigher quality than those made in less developed ones. However, research results have shown a much more complicated picture. Many questions still remain to be answered as to whether consumers, in reality, rely on \"made-in\" label information when evaluating products, and if they do, under what conditions, for what types of products, and why. As the market today is becoming increasingly globalized, these issues are attracting more attention from academicians and practitioners alike.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an advanced-level text regarding strategic decision making in the international context, which is best suited for students who have already been exposed to basic or introductory global marketing course work.
Abstract: The authors have written an advanced-level text regarding strategic decision making in the international context, which is best suited for students who have already been exposed to basic or introductory global marketing course work. As the preface states, it is assumed that this text will be offered to students who possess an appreciation of the environment for international business decisions and are somewhat familiar with marketing mix decisions. Indeed, chapters covering market selection decisions, information for global marketing decisions, and positioning segmentation, among others, dictate a significant level of marketing knowledge in order to be useful to the reader.
TL;DR: In this paper, a first attempt in formulating a systematic analysis of international consumer behavior and connecting it to the firm's international marketing plans was made. But it is not a comprehensive analysis of consumer behavior.
Abstract: 118 The purpose of this book, according to its author, is to be \"a first attempt in formulating a systematic analysis of international consumer behavior and connecting it to the firm's international marketing plans (p. xiv).\" Without question, this is a worthy goal. As business becomes increasingly internationalized, the field of international business has expanded greatly. Researchers and practitioners alike are interested in understanding how to develop more effective international strategies. As global competition increases, it is clear that for many firms the development of a market orientation is important, and a key element of this will be gaining an understanding of consumers.