Showing papers in "Journal of Memory and Language in 1991"

TL;DR: In this article, a process dissociation procedure is proposed to separate the contributions of different types of processes to performance of a task, rather than equating processes with tasks, by separating automatic from intentional forms of processing.

TL;DR: This article found that low-spans readers comprehended object relative sentences very poorly, although their reading times in the critical area of these sentences were greater than those of high-span readers.

TL;DR: This article developed a new theory of the tip of the tongue (TOT) phenomenon within this interactive activation model of speech production, TOTs occur when the connections between lexical and phonological nodes become weakened due to infrequent use, non-recent use, and aging, causing a reduction in the transmission of priming.

TL;DR: In this article, a linear function related recall to speech rate for items of differing spoken durations was described which demonstrate a long-term memory contribution to memory span, and the span was lower for nonwords than words, but learning the English translations of these words increased subjects' memory span for them.

TL;DR: In this article, the representation of words in a Dutch-English bilingual lexicon was examined, and within and between-language repetition-priming and associative (semantic)-priming effects were compared.

TL;DR: The authors used articulatory suppression to explore the role of the phonological loop system of working memory in the acquisition by adults of foreign language vocabulary, and found that articulation suppression disrupts the learning of Russian vocabulary, but not native language paired associates, by Italian subjects.

TL;DR: The authors showed that when a briefly exposed target word is followed by a pseudoword mask, the disruptive masking effect is reduced when the mask shares graphemes with the target word and is further reduced when it shares phonemes with a target word.

TL;DR: This paper found that the long-range outcome of sign language acquisition to depend upon when it first occurs, and that the childhood advantage for language acquisition is not unique to speech and is linked to inefficient sign (word) recognition.

TL;DR: This paper showed that syllables are phonologically encoded in two ordered steps, the first being dedicated to the onset and the second to the rhyme of the first syllable, which suggests that the syllables can be encoded in any order.

TL;DR: The authors showed that strong facilitatory effects of form similarity are readily obtained when the prime is heavily masked and cannot be reported, and that this effect is subject to a special density constraint, namely, that form-priming only occurs for words that have few orthographic neighbors and hence are located in low-density regions of the lexicon.

TL;DR: This article examined initiation times for memorized utterances and found that participants tend to pause at the subject-verb phrase boundary, and pause duration increased with upcoming complexity, just like initiation times.

TL;DR: This article found that reanalysis of garden-path sentences was more difficult with a longer ambiguous phrase and that this effect of phrase length is not attributable to the greater syntactic complexity of longer phrases, but to increasing the distance from the head of the ambiguous phrase to the disambiguating word of the graden-path sentence.

TL;DR: This article proposed a metrical hypothesis in which children omit weakly stressed syllables, including pronouns and other function morphemes, particularly from iambic (weak-strong) feet.

TL;DR: Oden et al. as mentioned in this paper explored listeners' use of sentence prosody to identify syntactic structure and found that prosody, available at an early point in a sentence, influences listeners' judgments.

TL;DR: The authors examined the effects of morphological overlap between prime and target in the masked priming paradigm and found that the prior presentation of a higher frequency morphologically related word facilitates target processing only to prefixed and not to suffixed targets and independent of whether the prime was a stem or another prefixed form.

TL;DR: This article assessed the timecourse of meaning activation for ambiguous words and found that the dominant meaning was activated more quickly and maintained longer than the subordinate meaning, regardless of the interval between the sentence and the target.

TL;DR: The authors measured reading times for sentences with prepositional phrases whose syntactic analyses were disambiguated by plausibility considerations (e.g., “The saleswoman tried to interest the man in the wallet during the storewide sale” vs.

TL;DR: Erickson et al. as mentioned in this paper described five experiments that attempt to isolate the mechanism that produces the failure to notice discrepancies in questions or assertions, called the Moses Illusion, and found that people often do incomplete matches between a complete representation of the question and a complete representations of the stored proposition that contains the answer.

TL;DR: The authors reported a series of three experiments on how subjects interpret and evaluate metaphors and found that many of the features in the interpretation of the metaphor are emergent and are not well established parts of preexisting conceptions of the tenor or vehicle.

TL;DR: This paper found that children associate pseudowords with actions more often than objects than objects (the prototypical verb meaning) if the pseudoowords contain one rather than three syllables.

TL;DR: This article investigated temporal constraints on perceptual/lexical ambiguity resolution and found that commitment to a single lexical hypothesis occurs within a relatively small window of time when information relevant to selection of the contextually appropriate word is not forthcoming within six syllables.

TL;DR: The authors showed that there are asymmetries between certain pairs of consonants: alveolar consonants are more often replaced by consonants of other places of articulation than vice versa.

TL;DR: The authors investigated whether deaf readers use phonological information during sentence comprehension, deaf and hearing college students performed a semantic acceptability task on tongue-twister and control sentences and found that deaf readers made more errors in their acceptability judgments when reading tongue twister than when reading control sentences.

TL;DR: This paper investigated whether the processing of prefixed (and pseudo-prefixed) words is determined by the complete, full-word form, or by the stem of the word, and the results clearly disconfirm the decomposition model of word-recognition.

TL;DR: This paper showed that readers' p-responses, in the form of preferences about how stories will turn out, can interfere with verification of previously known information about the actual outcomes of those stories.

TL;DR: The authors investigated the processes by which people discriminate preexperimental (semantic) from experimental (episodic) associations, and found intrusion of episodic associations into judgments of semantic relatedness, although the effect was smaller.

TL;DR: The authors proposed a model of question answering, called QUEST, which accounts for answers to open-class questions, which specifies the information sources that furnish answers to a question, the pragmatic aspects of the communicative exchange, and the convergence mechanisms that select good answers within an information source.

TL;DR: This paper explored the distinction between teens and other two-digit numbers, defined as the number resulting from switching the tens-place and ones-place digits of a stimulus number, and explored the possibility that this difficulty manipulating teens might be limited to situations in which subjects had to access the morphological structure of number names in the presence of a number named according to different rules.

TL;DR: Bruner and Potter as discussed by the authors showed that identification of objects which were gradually brought into focus became progressively worse as initial levels were made more blurred, and attributed this interference effect to subjects' development of erroneous hypotheses about the object which interfered with correct perception.

TL;DR: This paper extended the competition model to the non-linguistic domain by examining the acquisition of categories in a concept learning task and found that people first rely on cues that most often give the correct classification over all the instances seen.