Showing papers in "Journal of Pediatric Psychology in 1989"
TL;DR: Investigation in 153 children, age 4-16, who had one of five chronic physical disorders, found that psychological family resources contributed uniquely to the prediction of adjustment beyond that provided by utilitarian family resources.
Abstract: The hypothesis that their psychological adjustment is related in part to resources present in their families was investigated in 153 children, age 4-16, who had one of five chronic physical disorders: juvenile diabetes, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obesity, spina bifida, or cerebral palsy. Their mothers completed standardized psychometric instruments to measure specific dimensions of family psychological and utilitarian resources and of child adjustment. Variation in children's psychological adjustment was related both to their psychological and utilitarian family resources. Psychological family resources contributed uniquely to the prediction of adjustment beyond that provided by utilitarian family resources. These results are discussed as having implications for the identification of chronically ill and handicapped children at risk for adjustment difficulties.
325Â citations
TL;DR: The high levels of anxiety and depression in RAP and organic patients suggest that they should be targeted in efforts to address "the new hidden morbidity" in pediatrics.
Abstract: Patients presenting with abdominal pain were classified into two groups: the recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) group (n = 41), consisting of patients without identifiable organic etiology for abdominal pain, and the organic group (n = 28), consisting of patients with organic findings (primarily ulcer-related conditions) A control group of well patients (n = 41) also participated RAP and organic patients had higher anxiety, depression, and somatic complaints than well patients, but did not differ from each other Anxiety, depression, and somatization were greater in RAP mothers than well mothers Father symptomatology did not differ for the groups Results suggest that psychological distress does not discriminate between patients with and without identifiable organic etiology for abdominal pain The high levels of anxiety and depression in RAP and organic patients suggest that they should be targeted in efforts to address "the new hidden morbidity" in pediatrics
305Â citations
TL;DR: Changes over time for the survivors suggest a decline in available social support and the overall lack of group differences is discussed in terms of the implications of tests of the null hypothesis for families with chronically ill children.
Abstract: Young adolescent (10-15 year old) survivors of childhood cancer and their families (n = 35) completed self-report measures of perceived self-competence, social support, child behavior, parental distress, and family adaptability and cohesion, at two data points, 6 months apart. Relative to instrument norms and a comparison group (n = 13), survivors and their families scored within normative levels. The overall lack of group differences is discussed in terms of the implications of tests of the null hypothesis for families with chronically ill children. Changes over time for the survivors suggest a decline in available social support. Parents of survivors who received educational assistance reported less family adaptability and more distress than parents of survivors not receiving these services.
180Â citations
TL;DR: Use of multifamily groups plus parent simulation of diabetes as an intervention strategy for adolescents with IDDM is supported, and parent reports suggested that adolescents in the intervention groups improved their diabetes care.
Abstract: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a complex, chronic disease that is difficult to control during adolescence. This study evaluated the effects of a 6-week, family-oriented, group intervention on adolescents' metabolic control and psychosocial and family functioning. Thirty-two families were randomly assigned to one of three groups: multifamily (MF), multifamily plus parent simulation of diabetes (MF + S), and control (C). Outcome measures included glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb Al); perceptions of diabetes; estimates of youngsters' self-care; and family functioning. Adolescents in the MF + S group displayed significant decrements in Hb Al, and adolescents in both intervention groups reported more positive perceptions of a "teen-ager with diabetes" at posttreatment, relative to controls. Adolescents participating in smaller family groups demonstrated clinically significant improvements in Hb Al that were maintained at 6-month follow-up. Parent reports suggested that adolescents in the intervention groups improved their diabetes care. Findings support the use of multifamily groups plus parent simulation of diabetes as an intervention strategy for adolescents with IDDM.
161Â citations
TL;DR: Children sustaining severe CHI, who exhibited impaired consciousness for at least 1 day, were impaired on measures of intelligence, motor, expressive language, and receptive language functions on the baseline and follow-up evaluations relative to children with mild-moderate injuries.
Abstract: Examined cognitive and motor performance during the subacute stage of recovery and 8 months postinjury in 21 infants and preschoolers who sustained a closed head injury (CHI). Children sustaining severe CHI, who exhibited impaired consciousness for at least 1 day, were impaired on measures of intelligence, motor, expressive language, and receptive language functions on the baseline and follow-up evaluations relative to children with mild-moderate injuries. Irrespective of injury severity, motor and expressive language functions were the most vulnerable to the effects of CHI. Results are discussed in terms of the rate of development of cognitive functions.
155Â citations
TL;DR: The inability to explain most dimensions of adaptation in the children and their mothers as it relates to the conceptual model guiding this research is discussed.
Abstract: Investigated the contribution of disability parameters and chronic disability-related strain to the adaptation of 50 congenitally physically handicapped 6- to 11-year-old children and their mothers. Multiple dimensions of adaptation, disability status, and chronic disability-related strain were assessed with a variety of procedures. The mothers reported their children and themselves to display significantly worse adaptation than expected for a general sample. The adaptation of these children and their mothers, however, was not significantly related to the children's disability status nor the chronic strain thereto related. An exception was that the children's social functioning could be significantly explained by both of these factors. The inability to explain most dimensions of adaptation in the children and their mothers as it relates to the conceptual model guiding this research is discussed.
144Â citations
TL;DR: Evaluated relationships between social environmental characteristics and adaptation in 50 mothers of congenitally physically handicapped 6- to 11-year-old children and found consistently strong contributions were made by psychosocial family resources in all adaptation domains.
Abstract: Evaluated relationships between social environmental characteristics and adaptation in 50 mothers of congenitally physically handicapped 6- to 11-year-old children. Mothers reported on utilitarian resources, child adjustment, psychosocial family resources, service utilization, and three dimensions of adaptation. Analyses of the concurrent correlational design indicated significant proportions of the variance in mental and social functioning were explained by features of the social environment. Mother's physical health could not be significantly predicted. Consistently strong contributions were made by psychosocial family resources in all adaptation domains.
140Â citations
TL;DR: The hypothesis that illness severity would affect adjustment was generally not supported and the need for a more global intervention approach than using illness severity to measure need for psychotherapeutic assistance is suggested.
Abstract: Tested the relationship between illness severity and adjustment in 70 sickle cell patients, aged 8-16. Illness severity was measured by frequency of hospitalization and emergency room visits, frequency and intensity of pain crises, and duration of illness. Adjustment variables were IQ, self-esteem, social and personal adjustment, behavioral problems, school performance, and peer relations. Medical variables-associated illness patterns and type of hemoglobinopathy-were also considered. Sex and age were covariates. The hypothesis that illness severity would affect adjustment was generally not supported. Other factors such as SES, family structure, or support systems may affect adjustment and suppress the hypothesized relationship. The need for a more global intervention approach than using illness severity to measure need for psychotherapeutic assistance is suggested.
116Â citations
TL;DR: Body location data suggest that children may model either general illness behavior or exact symptoms, and the hypothesis that UP Ss would identify more models was supported.
Abstract: Interviewed 20 children with recurrent unexplained pain (UP) and 20 children with recurrent explained pain (EP) secondary to sickle cell anemia and their parents to determine the presence of models of pain or illness behavior in the child's environment. The location, intensity, frequency, and environmental consequences of the children's and the models' pain were also assessed. The hypothesis that UP Ss would identify more models was supported. In addition, UP Ss identified more positive consequences of the child's pain behavior while EP Ss identified more negative consequences. Children perceived the frequency and intensity of their pain to be similar to their models', while parents did not report such a relationship. Body location data suggest that children may model either general illness behavior or exact symptoms. Implications for future research are discussed.
108Â citations
TL;DR: A transactional model of family functioning is proposed for pediatric psychology and development is considered to be the result of a three-part process that starts with child behavior that triggers family interpretation that produces a parental response.
Abstract: The degree to which the family is seen as a significant contributor to child health conditions impacts directly on the successful functioning of the pediatric psychologist. A transactional model of family functioning is proposed for pediatric psychology. Development is considered to be the result of a three-part process that starts with child behavior that triggers family interpretation that produces a parental response. Family interpretation is presented as part of a regulatory system that includes family paradigms, family stories, and family rituals. Corresponding to the proposed three-part regulation model, three forms of intervention are discussed: remediation, redefinition, and reeducation. Clinical decision making based on this model is outlined with examples given from different treatment approaches. Implications for the treatment of families in pediatric psychology are discussed.
90Â citations
TL;DR: Older children (but not younger ones) showed significantly more behavioral distress when the parent was present, and the oldest children's preference of condition for future injections was overwhelmingly that of parent present.
Abstract: Observed 47 children ranging in age from 13 months to 7 years 9 months receiving injections as part of a regular visit to a pediatric clinic. Twenty-three children were randomly assigned to a condition with parent (mainly mothers) present and 24 to a condition with parent absent. During the medical procedure, the child's reactions were observed via videotape (for later behavioral coding) and physiological recording (to measure heart rates). Following the injection, data were collected on the child's preference of condition (either parent present or parent absent) for future injections. Older children (but not younger ones) showed significantly more behavioral distress when the parent was present. However, the oldest children's preference of condition for future injections was overwhelmingly that of parent present (86%).
TL;DR: The findings underscore the need to examine the adjustment of children with chronic disorders in the context of their mothers' well-being, particularly when mothers are the principal informants regarding child adjustment.
Abstract: Used path analysis to test a conceptual model of the relationship among maternal employment status, maternal depression, and reported child behavior problems. Ss were 95 mothers of children in 4 conditions: cystic fibrosis, diabetes, mental retardation, and well. Regardless of child chronic condition or family SES, mothers not employed outside the home had higher levels of depression than employed mothers. Maternal depression, in turn, was associated with higher levels of reported child behavior problems. Controlling for SES and maternal depression, mental retardation was associated with more child behavior problems, but chronic illness (cystic fibrosis and diabetes) was not associated with more behavior problems. The findings underscore the need to examine the adjustment of children with chronic disorders in the context of their mothers' well-being, particularly when mothers are the principal informants regarding child adjustment.
TL;DR: Results of standardized children's assessment scales show that siblings of handicapped children are comparable to siblings of nonhandicapped children in self-concept, behavior problems, and social competence, but differences appear along certain psychological dimensions and great variations exist within each group of siblings.
Abstract: Compared 55 older siblings (ages 7 1/2 to 15 years) of young handicapped children (ages 1-7 years) with 55 matched siblings of nonhandicapped children. Results of standardized children's assessment scales show that siblings of handicapped children are comparable to siblings of nonhandicapped children in self-concept, behavior problems, and social competence. Differences, however, appear along certain psychological dimensions and great variations exist within each group of siblings. Further, demographic and personal attributes are differentially related to measures of adjustment in different groups of siblings. Implications for research and intervention are drawn.
TL;DR: Children with spina bifida were reported to display on the average significantly more behavior and social competence problems than expected for children in general, however, children with differing degrees of physical problems and disability did not differ significantly in their psychosocial adjustment.
Abstract: Investigated the relationship between the physical status and psychosocial adjustment of chronically physically handicapped children. The status of 61 children with spina bifida regarding six specific disease or disability parameters was determined from medical charts. Their mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist as a measure of the children's psychosocial adjustment. Children with spina bifida were reported to display on the average significantly more behavior and social competence problems than expected for children in general. However, children with differing degrees of physical problems and disability did not differ significantly in their psychosocial adjustment. The general lack of relationship between physical status and adjustment as it relates to a conceptual model guiding this research is discussed.
TL;DR: Chronicity, which reflects the degree of past experience with invasive medical procedures, may be a more important factor than preferred coping style in pain management of these patients.
Abstract: The hypothesis that matching childrens' preferred coping styles (repression, sensitization) with behavioral interventions (distraction, sensory information) during invasive medical procedures will reduce self-reports of fear and pain, anticipatory heart rate, and observable signs of distress was tested in 28 children with cancer. A significant coping style by intervention interaction for the self-report of experienced pain was found. However, those groups using an intervention that matched their preferred coping style actually reported higher experienced pain ratings. Trends for differences between coping style on factors indicative of the chronicity of the disease were found. Chronicity, which reflects the degree of past experience with invasive medical procedures, may be a more important factor than preferred coping style in pain management of these patients.
TL;DR: A strong relationship was found across several measures of family functioning and a self-monitoring index of medication compliance and family functioning was not related to regimen knowledge or disease activity for children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Abstract: Examined the relationship between family functioning and regimen knowledge, medication compliance, and disease activity for children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A strong relationship was found across several measures of family functioning and a self-monitoring index of medication compliance. Family functioning was not related to regimen knowledge or disease activity. The implications of these findings for the continued study of chronically ill children are discussed.
TL;DR: Children in the therapeutic play condition evidenced a significant reduction in self-reported hospital fears and parent ratings were not affected by therapeutic treatments; rather, parents in all four groups rated their children less anxious from pre- to posttesting.
Abstract: Compared the effects of play on the psychosocial adjustment of 46 children hospitalized for acute illness, who were placed in one of four groups: therapeutic play, diversionary play, verbal support, and no treatment. Ratings of psychological adjustment included self-report, as well as nurse and parent ratings. Children in the therapeutic play condition evidenced a significant reduction in self-reported hospital fears. Parent ratings were not affected by therapeutic treatments; rather, parents in all four groups rated their children less anxious from pre- to posttesting. Results are discussed in terms of methodological considerations that have affected outcomes in this type of research.
TL;DR: For pediatric psychologists, guidance counselors, and pediatricians who need to identify middle-school students with serious psychosocial problems, the PSC appears to be a valid and useful first-stage screening instrument.
Abstract: Examined the validity of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC), a brief parent-completed psychosocial screening questionnaire, in a sample of 166 students from a public middle school. Positive screening on the parent PSC was significantly associated with independent ratings by the students' guidance counselor and teachers of the need for regular counseling; any academic failure during the next 2 years; and PSCs competed by the students about themselves. Most students who screened positive on the parent PSC were found to have significant problems in at least one of the above areas. The PSC also identified a group of students whose difficulties were previously unknown to school personnel. For pediatric psychologists, guidance counselors, and pediatricians who need to identify middle-school students with serious psychosocial problems, the PSC appears to be a valid and useful first-stage screening instrument.
TL;DR: The overall model of stress and social support predicted 73% of the variance in depressive symptomatology and Microstressors and classmate, parent, and teacher social support were all significant predictors of depressive symptom atology.
Abstract: Ongoing chronic strain of living with limb deficiencies and normal daily hassles may interact to produce a negative impact on adjustment. Degree of limb loss, daily hassles/microstressors, and classmate, parent, teacher, and friend social support were investigated as predictors of depressive symptomatology in 27 children with congenital/acquired limb deficiencies. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were utilized to test the main effects and buffering interactions effects models of the stress-social support-depressive symptomatology relationship. Degree of limb loss was not a significant predictor. Microstressors and classmate, parent, and teacher social support were all significant predictors of depressive symptomatology. None of the Stress X Social Support interaction terms were statistically significant. The overall model of stress and social support predicted 73% of the variance in depressive symptomatology.
TL;DR: Behavior problems and gender-role behavior of psychiatrically unselected boys with mild or severe hypospadias, a genital anomaly, showed more behavior problems and lower social competency than nonclinical subjects but were better adjusted than a psychiatric-clinical control group.
Abstract: Studied behavior problems and gender-role behavior of psychiatrically unselected boys (N = 69; ages 6-10 years) with mild or severe hypospadias, a genital anomaly. Parents completed standardized questionnaires in a postal survey. Subjects showed more behavior problems and lower social competency than nonclinical subjects but were better adjusted than a psychiatric-clinical control group. More severe anomalies were associated with increased behavior problems and poorer school performance. Boys with hypospadias had more cross-gender behavior which, however, was not associated with severity of the condition. Surgery-related hospitalizations were correlated with poorer school performance and increased cross-gender behavior. A history of hypospadias did not appear to have a lasting negative impact on the family.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the process by which family environments moderate stress adjustment differs for able-bodied vs. spina bifida adolescents.
Abstract: Fifty-three teen-agers with spina bifida participated in a mail survey and completed measures of recent life events, perceived family environment, and psychological distress. Low levels of perceived family conflict and control served as life stress buffers in the prediction of distress, whereas a high level of perceived independence served as a life stress exacerbator. These interaction effects differ from those obtained for a normal sample of adolescents in the lone previous study (Burt, Cohen, & Bjorck, 1988) that reported comparable analyses. The results suggest that the process by which family environments moderate stress adjustment differs for able-bodied vs. spina bifida adolescents.
TL;DR: Analysis of free recall performance showed that ADD-H Ss were less likely than controls to benefit from metamemory knowledge when strategy was less salient and involved effortful reorganization of stimuli.
Abstract: Examined the development of memory strategy knowledge and spontaneous use of strategy by 6- to 12-year-old boys with ADD-H. Metamemory knowledge of 12 ADD-H boys, unmedicated for study participation, and 12 matched control Ss was compared using a structured interview. Use of categorization was assessed using free recall of word lists differing in category composition (acoustic vs semantic categories) and list organization (clustered by category vs unclustered). Interview data indicated no difference between groups in development of metamemory knowledge. Analysis of free recall performance showed that ADD-H Ss were less likely than controls to benefit from that knowledge when strategy was less salient and involved effortful reorganization of stimuli (p less than .05). The results were consistent with a production deficiency. Developmental trends and implications for remediation are discussed.
TL;DR: Findings suggest that problematic intrafamilial relationships are associated with NOFT and may influence the psychological outcomes of children with this condition.
Abstract: Compared 48 families of nonorganic failure to thrive (NOFT) infants with those of 52 physically healthy infants of similar demographic characteristics using the Family Environment Scale (FES). Families of NOFT infants had more problematic relationships as indicated by lower scores on the Family Relationships Inventory (FRI) components of the FES, including lower Cohesion and Expressiveness, than families of physically healthy infants. Contrary to predictions, families did not differ in level of Conflict or Organization. Families of NOFT infants had lower intellectual and Cultural Orientation. These findings suggest that problematic intrafamilial relationships are associated with NOFT and may influence the psychological outcomes of children with this condition. Studies are needed to document the effects of family functioning on the physical growth and psychosocial development of NOFT children.
TL;DR: It is suggested that PRN prescription of analgesics in children essentially guarantees very low drug delivery without achieving individualized pain management.
Abstract: Conducted chart review study of 114 4- to 14-year-olds hospitalized for elective surgery to investigate analgesic medication patterns. Correcting for body weight and different drug potencies, correlations were examined between analgesics, child age, painfulness of recovery, and seriousness of surgical procedure. Weight-adjusted analgesics prescribed and delivered PRN were unrelated to painfulness of procedure and age. Expert ratings of the seriousness of anticipated sequelae were found to be a modest but significant predictor of analgesics. Results suggest that PRN prescription of analgesics in children essentially guarantees very low drug delivery without achieving individualized pain management. Possible interpretations and suggestions for research into effects of practitioner attributions of seriousness on clinical decision making are discussed, along with implications for other explanations of inadequate analgesic practices.
TL;DR: Investigation of the relationship of a variety of biopsychosocial variables to maternal ratings of children's psychosocial adjustment in a sample of 68 child burn survivors suggests that the prevalence of behavioral disturbance in long-term pediatric burn survivors may be lower than previous reports have indicated.
Abstract: Investigated the relationship of a variety of biopsychosocial variables to maternal ratings of children's psychosocial adjustment in a sample of 68 child burn survivors. Results indicated that (a) the mean maternal ratings of behavioral adjustment for pediatric burn patients did not differ from those reported for nonburned, nonclinic children, (b) a relatively small but statistically significant percentage of children had overall adjustment scores in the deviant range, and (c) little variance in the behavioral outcome measures was accounted for on the basis of three sets of predictor variables (demographic, burn severity, injury visibility) hypothesized to influence children's adjustment. Results suggest that the prevalence of behavioral disturbance in long-term pediatric burn survivors may be lower than previous reports have indicated. Implications of the results for consultation and future research are discussed.
TL;DR: This work focuses on families of Young Adolescents Who Have Survived Cancer and the Role of Maternal Employment and Depression in the Psychological Adjustment of Chronically Ill, Mentally Retarded, and Well Children.
Abstract: Contents: Preface. M.C. Roberts, J.L. Wallander, Family Issues in Pediatric Psychology: An Overview. Part I: Individual Disorders. A.E. Kazak, A.T. Meadows, Families of Young Adolescents Who Have Survived Cancer: Social-Emotional Adjustment, Adaptability, and Social Support. R.L. Murch, L.H. Cohen, Relationships Among Life Stress, Perceived Family Environment, and the Psychological Distress of Spina Bifida Adolescents. L.S. Walker, J.W. Greene, Children with Recurrent Abdominal Pain and Their Parents: More Somatic Complaints, Anxiety, and Depression than Other Patient Families? D. Drotar, D. Eckerle, The Family Environment in Nonorganic Failure to Thrive: A Controlled Study. P.J. Mason, R.A. Olson, J.G. Myers, H.C. Huszti, M. Kenning, AIDS and Hemophilia: Implications for Interventions with Families. J.M. Chaney, L. Peterson, Family Variables and Disease Management in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis. Part II: Noncategorical Disorders. J.L. Wallander, J.W. Varni, L. Babani, H.T. Banis, K.T. Wilcox, Family Resources as Resistance Factors for Psychological Maladjustment in Chronically Ill and Handicapped Children. J.L. Wallander, J.W. Varni, L. Babani, C.B. DeHaan, K.T. Wilcox, H.T. Banis, The Social Environment and the Adaptation of Mothers of Physically Handicapped Children. L.L. Dyson, Adjustment of Siblings of Handicapped Children: A Comparison. L.S. Walker, J.A. Ortiz-Valdes, J.R. Newbrough, The Role of Maternal Employment and Depression in the Psychological Adjustment of Chronically Ill, Mentally Retarded, and Well Children. Part III: Intervention Programs and Issues. W. Satin, A.M. La Greca, M.Z. Zigo, J.S. Skyler, Diabetes in Adolescence: Effects of Multifamily Group Intervention and Parent Simulation of Diabetes. T.L. Patterson, J.F. Sallis, P.R. Nader, R.M. Kaplan, J.W. Rupp, C.J. Atkins, K.L. Senn, Familial Similarities of Changes in Cognitive, Behavioral, and Physiological Variables in a Cardiovascular Health Promotion Program. J.W. Hatcher, A.J. Richtsmeier, S. Westin, Anxiety in Parents Seeking Pediatric Care. Part IV: A Theoretical Perspective. B.H. Fiese, A.J. Sameroff, Family Context in Pediatric Psychology: A Transactional Perspective.
TL;DR: The presence of a childhood cancer stereotype was investigated experimentally by assessing reactions of undergraduates and medical students to children described with either an in remission from leukemia label (RLL) or healthy label (HL).
Abstract: Explored the possibility that biased expectations might affect how adults respond to children diagnosed as in remission from cancer. The presence of a childhood cancer stereotype was investigated experimentally by assessing reactions of undergraduates and medical students to children described with either an in remission from leukemia label (RLL) or healthy label (HL). RLL children were rated as less sociable, less cognitively competent, less behaviorally active and well behaved, less physically potent, littler, and less likely to adjust well to the future than HL children. Undergraduates and medical students generally did not differ in their ratings of RLL and HL children. Medical students reported that they were more familiar with childhood cancer than undergraduates; however, familiarity was not related to ratings of the RLL or HL children. Implications for further research and health education practices are considered.
TL;DR: A new behavior classification system based on Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist ratings provides more refined behavior pattern delineation than previously developed systems.
Abstract: Derived a new behavior classification system based on Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist (MCBC) ratings. Using an accumulated MCBC data base on 854 children, 4-14 years of age, with developmental disabilities (n = 471), psychiatric problems (n = 155), chronic illnesses (n = 184), and nonreferred controls (n = 44), raw scale scores were transformed into T scores and then factor analyzed. Three factors emerged: Internalizing, Externalizing, and Sociable. Hierarchical cluster analysis of factor scores yielded six behavior profile clusters that replicated. Classification rules, based on T scores, were derived for each of the six clusters and for unclassified profiles to yield seven behavior patterns. There were four behavior problem patterns: Internal, External, Mixed Internal and External profiles, and Undifferentiated Disturbance. There were three behavior problem free patterns: Low Social Skills, Problem-free, and Sociable profiles. The distribution of these seven behavior patterns differed significantly across children with developmental, psychiatric, and medical problems and nonreferred controls. Furthermore, the new system provides more refined behavior pattern delineation than previously developed systems.
TL;DR: Evidence of modest but significant aggregation of change is found of behavioral, physiological, and cognitive changes within families during a 1-year intervention, which points to the importance of involving all age groups in health promotion programs.
Abstract: A number of studies have demonstrated that physiological and behavioral cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors aggregate within families This fact, and the potential mediating role that the family plays in behavior change, have led to the development of family-based CVD risk reduction programs, including the San Diego Family Health Project The aggregation of behavioral, physiological, and cognitive changes within families was assessed during a 1-year intervention We found evidence of modest but significant aggregation of change There was more aggregation of change in behavioral variables than in physiological or cognitive variables More significant correlations were found among 3-day food record measures than among 24-hour recall dietary measures, suggesting an influence of assessment method Aggregation of change within families was stronger within generations than across generations These data point to the importance of involving all age groups in health promotion programs
TL;DR: Self-report, behavioral, and physiological measures of anxiety or arousal were monitored during the stress and the IDDM adolescents in poor control were matched to the well-controlled IDDM group on the basis of age, sex, and race.
Abstract: Thirty 11- to 18-year old adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) of at least 1-year duration and 15 nondiabetic controls were subjected to three laboratory stressors: a venipuncture and two public-speaking tasks. Half of the IDDM participants were in good metabolic control prior to the inception of the experiment and half were in poor control. The IDDM adolescents in poor control and the nondiabetics were matched to the well-controlled IDDM group on the basis of age, sex, and race. The two IDDM groups were also matched on disease duration. Self-report, behavioral, and physiological measures of anxiety or arousal were monitored during the stress.