Showing papers in "Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology in 2009"

TL;DR: A review of recent advances in understanding of the molecular targets and mechanisms of action for endocrine disrupting chemicals and areas of future research needed to evaluate the significance of their contribution to obesity.

TL;DR: The reduced incretin effect is believed to contribute to impaired regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion in T2DM, and, in support of this, exogenous GLP-1 administration may restore blood glucose regulation to near normal levels.

TL;DR: The mechanism of activation of NADPH oxidases by Ang II is summarized and the molecular targets of ROS in Ang II signaling in the vasculature, kidney and brain are described.

TL;DR: There is a suggestive body of evidence that soy and dietary phytoestrogens favorably alter glycemic control, improve weight and fat loss, lower triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol, but additional evidence is needed before a firm conclusion can be drawn.

TL;DR: An overview of GPR30 function is provided, focusing on the rapid signaling events that culminate in the transcriptional activation of certain genes.

TL;DR: A thorough analysis of MEHP identified MEHP as a selective PPARgamma modulator, and thus a possible contributor to the obesity epidemic, and the question of their activation by a sub-class of pollutants, tentatively named "metabolic disrupters".

TL;DR: The proposal of an association of environmental estrogens with obesity and diabetes expands the focus on the diseases from intervention/treatment to include prevention/avoidance of chemical modifiers especially during critical windows of development.

TL;DR: If ERalpha is over stimulated by an excess of E2 or the action of an environmental estrogen such as BPA, it will produce an excessive insulin signaling and therefore, it may contribute to the development of type II diabetes.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the current understanding in the field of epigenetic programming and highlights the importance of studying both sexes in epidemiological protocols or dietary interventions both in humans and in experimental animal models.

TL;DR: The potential for BPA to influence body weight is suggested by in vitro studies demonstrating effects of BPA on adipocyte differentiation, lipid accumulation, glucose transport and adiponectin secretion, and possible targets of B PA action are discussed.

TL;DR: Recent findings on the ability of BPA, at environmentally relevant doses, to inhibit adiponectin and stimulate the release of inflammatory adipokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) from human adipose tissue are summarized.

TL;DR: The present review summarizes the current knowledge on how endocrine and paracrine factors regulate ovarian development in zebrafish and special emphasis is placed on how follicle development and oocyte maturation in adult females is regulated by gonadotropins, ovarian steroids and growth factors produced by the ovary.

TL;DR: An important window of exposure is demonstrated for low-dose effects of PFOA on body weight gain, as well as leptin and insulin concentrations in mid-life, at the lowest observed effect level of 0.01mg P FOA/kg BW.

TL;DR: The molecular mechanisms by which testosterone synthesis declines with aging are discussed, and this is associated with alterations in body composition, energy level, muscle strength, physical, sexual and cognitive functions, and mood.

TL;DR: Bone can now be considered as a true endocrine organ secreting osteocalcin, a hormone pharmacologically active on glucose and fat metabolism which offers novel therapeutic targets in type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis.

TL;DR: The data are the first to provide conclusive evidence for the existence of a second KiSS gene, KiSS-2, in non-placental vertebrates, whose product is likely to play a dominant stimulatory role in the regulation of the gonadotropic axis at least in teleosts.

TL;DR: In this article, metabolic activities of 17β-HSDs are compared, their interplay with endogenous substrates summarised, and interlacing pathways depicted, and strategies on deciphering the physiological role of 17beta-HSD and the genetic predisposition for associated diseases are presented.

TL;DR: This review summarizes recent progress in understanding of Klotho and betaKlotho function in the regulation of tissue-specific metabolic activity of the endocrine fibroblast growth factors (FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23).

TL;DR: It is shown that factors that impact growth during fetal and neonatal life, such as placental blood flow and nutrient transport to fetuses, as well as components of the maternal and infant diets, can influence weight gain later in life.

TL;DR: The role of the renin–angiotensin system in the physiopathology and treatment of diabetes is examined and the potential benefits of the ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas receptor axis are highlighted, focusing on recent data about ACE2.

TL;DR: Recent advances in the understanding of Ang II actions which lead to the development of insulin resistance and its implications for diabetes are highlighted.

TL;DR: An overview of the current knowledge of thyroid gland origin and differentiation in the zebrafish is provided and the action of thyroid hormones and some aspects related to endocrine disruptors are considered.

TL;DR: The mouse studies strongly suggest that sperm quality rather than quantity is a better indicator of male fertility and novel assays should be developed to determine sperm functionality.

TL;DR: The processes involved in generating a host of glucocorticoid receptor isoforms from one gene are described and the potential role of glucOCorticoids receptor isoform in determining cellular responsiveness to glucoc Corticoidoids is emphasized.

TL;DR: A discussion of potential causes of the age-related decline in Leydig cell steroidogenic capacity presents a model in which the inability of aged cells to adequately respond to hormonal stimulation results in cellular regression with concomitant decline in maximal testosterone output.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying oscillatory control of insulin secretion at the level of the individual beta-cell, and several of these pathways may be important pharmacological targets for improving pulsatile insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.

TL;DR: How major hormonal pathways in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster interact to influence reproductive capacity and aging is reviewed.

TL;DR: Estrogens appear to decrease acrosome reaction in response to P, exerting a role in ensuring an appropriate timing for sperm exocytosis during the process of fertilization, and recent evidence points for a role of the steroid as a chemotactic agent for sperm.

TL;DR: Zebrafish sex determination, gonad differentiation and reproduction are far from being fully understood, and new approaches and methodologies provide hope that answers to a number of important questions will be deciphered in the future.

TL;DR: The results from several recent WGAS on type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity have identified at least eighteen genes consistently associated with T2D, where many of the genes implicate pancreatic beta-cell function in the pathogenesis of T1D whereas only one clearly associate with insulin resistance.