Showing papers in "Neurologic Clinics in 1996"

TL;DR: Analysis of highly informative populations, such as discordant identical twins and adoptive siblings of MS patients, likely will improve the specificity of case-control studies by minimizing the vast number of potential differences between cases and controls.

TL;DR: Investigations of early markers of Parkinson's disease or markers of disease susceptibility are critical areas of future research, requiring careful collaboration between epidemiologists and laboratory scientists.

TL;DR: By identifying risk factors, perhaps effective legislation and environmental and educational intervention strategies can be developed to prevent brain injury.

TL;DR: The three states of mammalian being--wakefulness, REM sleep, and NREM sleep--are not mutually exclusive and may occur simultaneously, oscillate rapidly, or appear in dissociated or incomplete form to produce primary sleep parasomnias.

TL;DR: Although sleep patterns are not necessarily diagnostic of particular psychiatric disorders, there are relationships between certain sleep abnormalities and categories of psychiatric disorders.

TL;DR: Headaches--especially the sentinel type caused by SAH--often are misdiagnosed and may have serious pathology such as stroke, TA, neoplasm, and subdural hematoma.

TL;DR: The criteria that characterize restless legs syndrome (RLS) and the differential diagnoses are discussed and clinical diagnosis of idiopathic or symptomatic forms of RLS can be supported with polysomnography.

TL;DR: The effects of widely used medications and recreational drugs on sleep are summarized.

TL;DR: Treatment most commonly consists of nasal CPAP or BPAP, although problems with compliance make surgical treatment preferable in some cases, and combining UPPP with maxillofacial procedures appears to improve outcomes.

TL;DR: The apparent secular increase in brain tumor rates is most likely predominantly attributable to improvements in diagnosis, and the differing patterns of occurrence of gliomas and meningiomas suggest the need for separate study.

TL;DR: Clinical examination followed in selected cases by polysomnographic, multiple sleep latency, and other laboratory tests is essential for correct diagnosis and treatment of these sleep disturbances in neuro-degenerative diseases.

TL;DR: Specific epileptic syndromes associated with sleep, the differential diagnosis of nocturnal spells, and the use of video-electroencephalographic polysomnography are discussed.

TL;DR: Only by appreciating parent-child interactions when it comes to understanding causes of sleeplessness in the young child can the clinician serve a useful role in helping the family to understand and improve a young child's problematic sleep patterns.

TL;DR: Better understanding of the age-specific presentation of motor neuron diseases worldwide will shed light on the vexing questions concerning the variable incidence rates in some countries and apparent incidence gradients in North America and Europe.

TL;DR: The effect of stroke as a major health issue in the United States is well established, but the cause and prevention of the hemorrhagic subtypes remain elusive.

TL;DR: This article reviews several disorders of the circadian sleep-wake cycle, including delayed sleep phase syndrome, advanced sleep phase Syndrome, non-24-hourSleep-wake syndrome, irregular sleep- wake pattern, time zone change (jet lag) syndrome, and shift work sleep disorder.

TL;DR: Application of CPAP and BiPAP and administration of supplemental oxygen are relatively simple, noninvasive, ambulatory, therapeutic maneuvers that may correct sleep-related ventilatory alterations in patients with neuromuscular disorders.

TL;DR: Much has been learned about this disease in only a few years, and it is hoped that this rate of discovery can be maintained or even accelerated in the future.

TL;DR: Large population-based epidemiologic studies in Denmark, the United States, France, Canada, and elsewhere have shed light on the descriptive epidemiology of migraine, finding that migraine occurs with high prevalence outside groups at highest risk.

TL;DR: A review of the history of epilepsy prior to and since the advent of modern epidemiologic methods, and of ways in which epidemiological data have altered greatly our understanding of this heterogeneous class of disorders is given in this article.

TL;DR: The process of diagnosing multiple sclerosis is much like that of analyzing evidence in a courtroom; they both rely on reason, judgement, and experience, rather than on any formal set of diagnostic criteria.

TL;DR: The negative association between smoking and both Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases is a consistent epidemiologic finding and is indicative of the under-appreciated influence of differential survival in Epidemiologic studies.

TL;DR: The sensory component of central sleep apnea; defects involving the integrative and executive neurons; non-neurologic causes of centralSleep apneas, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure; diagnosis; treatment; and other topics are reviewed in detail.

TL;DR: There are a variety of HIV-related neurologic complications that have numerous causes and as antiretroviral and other anti-infective therapies improve patient survival in the advanced stages of HIV infection, the burden of neurologic disease will continue to increase.

TL;DR: The technical considerations, common findings, and potential pitfalls related to the use of EEG and MRI, and adjunctive test such as ambulatory EEG, video/EEG, positron emission tomography, and single photon emission computed tomography are reviewed.

TL;DR: Sleep-related erection testing indexes the magnitude and nature of organic involvement and takes the differential diagnosis of impotence beyond a simplistic psychogenic-organic dichotomy.

TL;DR: Stronger emphasis on psychosocial issues and the assurance that pathologic progression has not been missed without the use of repetitive testing form the mainstay of diagnostic protocols in this population.

TL;DR: The current state of diagnostic testing in the diagnosis of dementia is reviewed, with a focus on Alzheimer's disease.

TL;DR: Various study paradigms are outlined and the concepts of intervention, randomization, blinding, and control in the context of clinical trial design are discussed.

TL;DR: A number of antibody assays for neuropathies are available commercially, with the most useful being anti-MAG, anti-GM1, pro-GQ1b, anti, and anticalcium channel antibodies, but only in very select situations and not as "screening studies".