Showing papers in "Neuroscience Research in 2015"

TL;DR: Here, the transduction characteristics of adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) serotypes 1, 2, 5, 8 and 9 in the marmoset cerebral cortex are investigated to investigate the extent of viral spread, cell type tropism, and neuronal transduction efficiency of each serotype.

TL;DR: The aim of the review is to provide the basis for critically evaluating the current understanding of empathy, and its public reception, and to inspire new research directions.

TL;DR: The marmoset's small brain bears most of the organizational features of other primates, and its smooth surface offers practical advantages over the macaque for areal mapping, laminar electrode penetration, and two-photon and optical imaging.

TL;DR: Hyperscanning EEG-fMRI allows us to use inter-brain effects as neuromarkers of the properties of social interactions in daily life and the need to develop a mathematical model explaining how two brains can exhibit synchronized activity is emphasized.

TL;DR: While there is evidence that PGs differ from healthy controls on all three tasks, there is only little support for a further modulation of impairments by addiction severity, and impairments appear to be largely uncorrelated between tasks.

TL;DR: This review discusses recent animal and human studies that report an E/I imbalance and the characteristics of microglia in ASD and discusses whether and how synaptic pruning by microglian dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of ASD.

TL;DR: Strategies for structural and functional mapping of the marmoset brain and the relation of the common marmosets to other animals models are discussed.

TL;DR: Recent progress in the production of genetically modified NHPs, including the common marmoset, and future perspectives for realizing genetically modified NHP models for use in life sciences research are summarized.

TL;DR: A significant correlation between the levels of BDNF promoter I methylation measured in quadriceps and vPFC tissues extracted from the same individuals and bisulfite-pyrosequencing results suggest a strong intra-individual correlation between peripheral and brain tissue.

TL;DR: An introduction to affective developmental robotics as a part of cognitive developmental robotics focusing on the affective aspects and future issues involved in the development of a more authentic form of artificial empathy are discussed.

TL;DR: A newly developed brain model is discussed, which was reconstructed from histological sections under volume-rendering technology and allows virtual sections to be constructed on any axis, with nomenclatural annotations to structures in situ.

TL;DR: Prenatal stress increased anxiety-related behavior of adult offspring, whereas neonatal handling had no effect, and it was shown that the effects of prenatal stress on 5-HT system were recovered partially by Neonatal handling.

TL;DR: Current knowledge about the cortical frontal areas in marmosets, which are key to the generation and control of motor behaviors, are reviewed, with focus on comparative analyses.

TL;DR: A new method by which zebrafish can be trained to avoid one arm of a Y-shaped tank by presenting a specific color on the floor paired with an electric shock is developed.

TL;DR: It is shown that MPTP-treated mice that were irradiated with 810nm NIr had both greater locomotor activity and number of dopaminergic cells than those that were not.

TL;DR: Results suggest that CA suppressed the activation of Casp cascades by reducing the intracellular oligomerization of exogenous Aβ42/43 monomer and may have a potential in the prevention of Aβ-mediated diseases, particularly AD.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that the presence of DNMT1 in aNS/PCs is crucial for the survival of newly generated neurons, but is dispensable once they accomplish neuronal differentiation in the adult hippocampus.

TL;DR: Analysis of convergent adaptations to cooperative breeding at the psychological and cognitive level in primates suggests considerable similarity in these regulatory mechanisms presumably because the convergent traits emerged due to small motivational changes that define how pre-existing cognitive mechanisms are quantitatively combined.

TL;DR: The results suggest that spontaneous eyeblinks are involved in the attentional disengagement from external visual information via the massive and dynamic alteration of brain activity between the external and internal orienting networks.

TL;DR: The altered gaze patterns in patients indicate that top-down attention compensates for impaired bottom-up attention and aberrant eye movements might lead to deficits in biological motion perception and finally link to social cognitive impairments.

TL;DR: An anatomical basis for functional relationships between the VMN and these nuclei is provided and reciprocal direct neural connection between the right and left side of theVMN is observed.

TL;DR: The results of this study show that domain specific self-regulation networks are at work in the prefrontal cortex and could probably be used during the first phase of nicotine abstinence, during which negative affect might easily result in relapse.

TL;DR: It is found that different dopamine and serotonin receptor subtypes in the AIC and OFC differentially influence risky decision making: intra-AIC injection of D2R or 5-HT1AR blockers increased risk preference whereas intra-OFC injection of the 5- HT1AR blocker decreased it.

TL;DR: This study shows that P2Y12 receptors are expressed in TG neurons, and act via a cAMP-dependent pathway to release intracellular Ca(2+) from ryanodine-sensitive Ca( 2+) stores.

TL;DR: The possibility that marmosets can be a model for future studies of the neural underpinnings and endocrinology underlying human parental behavior is suggested.

TL;DR: The results suggest that cortical projection cells in middle and superficial regions of the subiculum may correspond to layer V of the isocortex and cells in the deepest region corresponding to layer VI.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the ASSR can be a useful indicator for the amount of workload in the brain and Grand averaged phase coherence activities showed the 40 Hz ASSR reductions accompanying an increase in the task difficulty even with the identical external stimuli.

TL;DR: The brain of the HEG compared to those of the LEG were overall more efficient, more resilient, and characterized by small-worldness, which may be one of the brain's mechanisms mediating the reserve effects found in people with higher education.

TL;DR: The proposed system detected footprints with a comparable performance to existing systems, and precisely tracked the 3D paw-tip positions in the depth image coordinates, and suggests that healthy mice are more active on opaque floors and spend more time in the center of the open-field, when compared with transparent floors.

TL;DR: The results suggested that DDR1-siRNA attenuates phospho-DDR1 and MMP-9 upregulation, which was followed by a reduction in infarction and BBB disruption in the ischemic brain after I/R injury, suggesting DDR1 may represent a molecular target for the prevention ofBBB disruption after cerebral I-R injury.