Showing papers in "Peptides in 1986"

TL;DR: Storage of tissue in the solution produced no adverse effects upon tissue morphology, nor was LHRH immunoreactivity diminished or accompanied by elevated non-specific staining, and ultrastructural analysis of cryoprotected tissue revealed excellent preservation of cellular morphology.

TL;DR: These findings, demonstrating that exogenous NPY is capable of overriding mechanisms of satiety and body weight control, suggest that disturbances in NPY function may play a role in some disorders of eating behavior and body Weight regulation.

TL;DR: The preponderance of Galanin-binding in somatosensory as well as in limbic areas suggests a possible involvement of GAL in a variety of brain functions.

TL;DR: It is suggested that melanocortin peptides play an inhibitory role in the complex regulation of food intake, and further support and extend the hypothesis of a melanoc Cortin-opioid homeostatic system, its two neuropeptide components usually having opposite, mutually-balancing effects.

TL;DR: The widespread distribution of GAL-like immunoreactivity in the rat central nervous system suggests an involvement of Gal in a variety of brain functions.

TL;DR: The failure of galanin to alter GH release from dispersed, cultured anterior pituitary cells in vitro further suggests that endogenous Galanin plays a neuromodulatory role at the level of the median eminence, possibly affecting the release of known GH-releasing and/or inhibiting factors.

TL;DR: The presence of high densities of NPY and NPY receptors in such areas suggests that NPY could serve important functions as a major neurotransmitter/neuromodulator in the central nervous system.

TL;DR: The results are consistent with either of two alternatives: (1) that iodinated eledoisin, neuromedin K, and substance K bind to the same receptor site in the rat CNS, or (2) that they bind to multiple types of receptor sites with very similar distribution.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the constrictor effect of NPY on guinea pig coronary vessels results from a direct effect on vascular smooth muscle cells, is mediated by specific receptors and is likely to involve the participation of extracellular calcium ions.

TL;DR: It is reported that atrial natriuretic factor mRNA is present in ventricular tissue as well as in atria, and the ten-fold discrepancy in the ratio of ANF mRNA to immunoreactivity between atria and ventricles could reflect a higher rate of peptide release in the latter.

TL;DR: It is concluded that sympathetic nerve stimulation increases overflow of NPY-LI from the heart suggesting release from cardiac nerves in vivo.

TL;DR: The effect of a microinjection of opioid agonists and antagonists into the nucleus accumbens septi of rats on the food intake in rats is studied, as this area is known to be important for motivation.

TL;DR: Results show that human α- and β-C GRP and rat α-CGRP are vasodilators in the coronary vasculature, but that there is species variation as CGRP had a positive chronotropic effect in the rat heart but not in the rabbit heart.

TL;DR: Immunohistochemical as well as radioimmunochemical studies provided further insights into the natural occurrence of the nonpeptide and the distribution of DSIP-like material in the body, suggesting possible relations of the peptide to certain diseases.

TL;DR: Although the sizes and sequences of preproglucagon, prepro VIP and preproGHRF are distinct, the structural organization of the three precursors is similar and each exon encodes a functionally distinct region of the precursor and mRNA.

TL;DR: The 19 amino acid carboxyl terminus fragment of vasoactive intestinal peptide, VIP(10-28), inhibits [125I]VIP binding in intact HT29 colonic adenocarcinoma cells and in membranes from these cells, suggesting that VIP( 10-28) may be a useful tool in studying VIP receptor regulation and other aspects of the mechanisms of VIP action.

TL;DR: The presence and distribution of galanin in the genitourinary system suggest the possibility that this neuropeptide could play a role in the regulation of smooth muscle tone, blood flow and motility.

TL;DR: The rate of disappearance of radioiodinated forms of atrial natriuretic factors (ANF) from circulation in the rat was studied and Hepatectomy and nephrectomy did not cause any major prolongation of the disappearance rate suggesting that these two organs may not be the primary sites involved in the removal of this peptide from circulation.

TL;DR: The discrete regional distribution of VIP receptors suggest that it may function as an important modulator of neural activity in the CNS.

TL;DR: Feeding responses and day and night levels of plasma concentration of neurotensin (NT) and NT-fragments were studied in healthy subjects andetitive measurements during 24 hours showed that levels of N-terminal immunoreactivity fluctuated in a manner related to meal ingestion and were elevated throughout the daytime, whereas intact NT and C- Terminals changed little.

TL;DR: In this paper, an injection of 25 picomoles of the oxytocin antagonist dET 2 Tyr(Et)Orn 8 Vasotocin (ETOV) suspended in 5 nanoliters of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN) immediately preceding micro-stimulation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN mp) suppresses this change in gastric acid secretion and heart rate.

TL;DR: A striking similarity exists between this pattern of immunoreactive staining and that described for substance P, suggesting that the tachykinin systems do not exist independently in the brain.

TL;DR: Whereas measures of voluntary selective attention remained unchanged by lysine-vasopressin (LVP), the peptide primarily affected an attentional mechanism responding in an automatic fashion to stimulus deviance, indicated by a substantial negative shift of the AEP amplitudes following deviating stimuli within the latency range of the N2/P2 components.

TL;DR: The distribution of urotensin I (UI) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) immunoreactive (IR) structures was studied in the central nervous system of the white sucker using the peroxid enzyme-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical procedure, and the distribution of CRF immunostaining correlates well with the documented knowledge of CNS structures involved in the control of ACTH secretion in the goldfish.

TL;DR: This paper is the eighth installment of the annual review of research involving the endogenous opiate peptides, and the specific topics this year include stress, tolerance and dependence, eating, drinking and alcohol consumption, gastrointestinal and renal activity, mental illness, learning and memory, cardiovascular responses, respiration and thermoregulation, seizures and neurological disorders, activity.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided for the presence of both GnRH and a second peptide with properties identical to His5,Trp7,Tyr8-GnRH in X. laevis brain.

TL;DR: It is concluded that an increased angiotensin II receptor affinity and density is indicated as a factor in the etiology of the high blood pressure seen in the SHR.

TL;DR: The relatively high concentration in the POs as well as the pattern of proctolin-positive fibres and terminals clearly suggest a neurohormonal role of the pentapeptide in decapod crustaceans.

TL;DR: Receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) have been characterized in rat lymphoid cells and the interaction of [125I] VIP with blood mononuclear cells was rapid, reversible, specific and saturable.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate and characterize brain binding sites for angiotensin II of variable high affinity binding both inside and outside the blood-brain barrier.