Showing papers in "Physiology & Behavior in 2002"

TL;DR: It is proposed that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) contributes to cognition by detecting the presence of conflict during information processing, and to alert systems involved in top-down control to resolve this conflict.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the premotor areas may operate at a hierarchical level comparable to M1 and is proposed that each premotor area is a functionally distinct efferent system that differentially generates and/or controls specific aspects of motor behavior.

TL;DR: It is proposed that opioid-mediated mechanisms within ventral striatal medium spiny neurons mediate the affective or hedonic response to food ('liking' or food 'pleasure') and that this brain mechanism was beneficial in evolutionary development for ensuring the consumption of relatively scarce, high-energy food sources.

TL;DR: Horses show individual consistency of these HR variables over ages; and mean HR and HRV measures used with these tests quantify certain aspects of a horse's temperament.

TL;DR: It is shown that chronic food restriction augments the rewarding (i.e., threshold lowering) effect of diverse drugs of abuse, and the augmented behavioral effects of amphetamine are reversed by an otherwise subthreshold dose of D-1 antagonist.

TL;DR: Evidence for common substrates for food and for drug rewards in animals and in humans is brought together to advance fundamental knowledge of motivational processes and to promote the development of better treatments for drug addiction and for eating disorders.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of age and gender on sleep and circadian rhythms in activity were investigated using actigraphic monitoring of wrist activity, which demonstrated weakened and fragmented circadian sleep and rest-activity rhythms during aging.

TL;DR: An increased predisposition to stimulatory nicotine effects during adolescence may contribute to age-specific rewarding properties of the drug as revealed using the CPP paradigm in this experiment.

TL;DR: An update of the understanding of the neurological bases for the close association between balance control and anxiety is provided and new data suggest that a vestibulo-recipient region of the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) contains cells that respond to body rotation and position relative to gravity.

TL;DR: In the first study of its kind within the VTA, the laboratory recently demonstrated that excitatory inputs from the PFC synapse selectively onto DA neurons that project back to the P FC but not onto DA cells that project to the NAc.

TL;DR: This review will first investigate the data regarding physiologic glucose levels in the brain, the various subtypes of physiologically relevant glucose-sensing neurons, and possible roles in the regulation of glucose homeostasis are hypothesized.

TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive 6-week behavioral battery was used to characterize sensorimotor and cognitive performance of Tg2576 AD transgenic mice and nontransgenic (Tg-) controls aged 3, 9, 14, and 19 months.

TL;DR: Data show the DMN has an important role in many processes that control both food intake and BW regulation, and an interaction of glucose and opioids in DMN may also be involved in the control of food intake.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of chronic restraint stress on exploration and object memory in both male and female rats were investigated, and the results showed that stress affects limbic neurochemistry across sex, although only males exhibit stress-dependent decrements in object memory.

TL;DR: The data suggest that exogenously administered cannabinoids promote eating by increasing the incentive value of food and support a role for endocannabinoids in the regulation of the appetitive aspects of feeding motivation.

TL;DR: In this article, a group of young female rats were cycled through a restriction period (4 days of 66% of control food intake) followed by 6 days of free feeding prior to being stressed by acute foot shock.

TL;DR: Findings illustrate the dynamic nature of Acb cell firing in behaving animals, and provide insight into how Acb neurons process information about goal-directed behaviors for 'natural' reinforcers vs. abused substances.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the direct, pharmacological actions of nicotine are necessary but not sufficient to explain either the high rates of self-administration exhibited by laboratory animals or cigarette smoking by humans, and that future investigations on the neurophysiological effects of nicotine that underlie smoking behavior must take into account the environmental context within which the behavior occurs.

TL;DR: The findings indicate that strain and sex of rat is important to consider in evaluating behavioral and physiological responses to stress.

TL;DR: In calves and cattle nonlinear parameters were most important to indicate the level of stress load on the animals, and the nonlinear parameter Determinism showed significant higher values in lactating cows compared to nonlactating cows.

TL;DR: It is found that stimulation of medial PFC (mPFC) results in a profound inhibition of BLA output, manifest as a suppression of spontaneous, intracellular current-driven or sensory cortical afferent-driven spike firing ofBLA projection neurons.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that schizophrenia is associated with an up-regulation of GABA(A) receptors at pyramidal neuron AIS in response to deficient GABAergic input from chandelier neurons.

TL;DR: The data confirm that the inverse association between PROP status and BMI reported earlier in men is also present in women and that this relationship becomes apparent when variables relevant to eating behavior in women are taken into consideration.

TL;DR: A new method for meta-analysis of neuroimaging results that avoids many of the subjective assumptions involved in alternative approaches and substantiated the dissociation in two subregions of the left inferior frontal cortex for performance and sublexical processing is validated.

TL;DR: Initial evidence is reported that individual differences in the magnitude of stress-induced reduction of immune function may be of clinical significance, being related to an immune response relevant for protection against infection, antibody response to hepatitis B vaccination.

TL;DR: It was concluded that the FED is beneficial in reducing sleepiness and sleep-related driving incidents under conditions of afternoon monotonous driving following sleep restriction the night before.

TL;DR: All three treatments were associated with improved secondary memory performance on the CDR battery, with the ginseng condition evincing some improvement in the speed of performing memory tasks and in the accuracy of attentional tasks.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the function of lateral inhibition in the olfactory bulb may be to compensate for generalized, spatially distributed activation that otherwise may obscure the specific, discrete patterns of glomerular activation seen across the ofactory bulb.

TL;DR: Two subsequent experiments investigated the development of adrenocortical (re)activity in HFP and LFP chicks during the first 8 weeks of life and studied dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) turnover in the brain of 28-day-old HFP/LFP chicks.

TL;DR: Comparisons of the behavioural profiles of three commonly used background strains in two of the most popular animal models of anxiety show that both 129 substrains display higher levels of anxiety-like behaviour relative to the C57BL/6JOlaHsd strain, while 129S2/SvHsd mice exhibited evidence of higher anxiety, particularly in the LDE test.