Showing papers in "Polymer Degradation and Stability in 2009"

TL;DR: Ethanol organosolv lignin extracted from Miscanthus giganteus (using the following conditions: T ǫ= −190 à −C, t à = 60 à à min, sulfuric acid à 1.2% w/w, EtOH/H 2 OÞ= 0.65) and milled wood Lignin from MISGAPTEUS were subjected to a comprehensive structural characterization by 13 C, 31 P NMR, FTIR, UV spectroscopies and size exclusion chromatography as discussed by the authors

TL;DR: In this article, a review describes some recent works related to the development of the flame retardation of silicone elastomers and/or applications of silicones as flame retardant agents in other polymers.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of processing at high temperature on the molecular weight distribution, morphology, and thermo-mechanical properties of both homopolymers, as well as the PLA/PBAT 75/25 blend, was studied.

TL;DR: In this article, the photo-and thermo-oxidation of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) has been studied and a degradation mechanism that accounts for the modifications in the infrared spectra was developed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the addition of nanoclays was found to increase the PLA degradation rate, especially for the highest dispersed clay in the polymer matrix, and it was also found that clays can influence the polymer bacterial degradation depending on their chemical structure and affinity of the bacterium towards the clay.

TL;DR: In this article, the same PLLA matrix was used for both injection and film-stacked flax composites and the results showed that the matrix tensile stiffness is hardly affected by seawater at temperatures to 40 °C but the composite loses stiffness and strength.

TL;DR: In this article, the color changes in PU surface during photodegradation were carried out by measuring CIEL ∗ a ∗ b ∗ color components (L ∗, a ∆, b ∆ and Δ E a, b∆ ).

TL;DR: An intumescent flame retardant spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphorate disphosphoryl melamine (SPDPM) has been synthesized and its structure was characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry (FTIR), 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonances (NMR) as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, a new phosphazene-based epoxy resin (PN-EP) was successfully synthesized through the reaction between diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) and PN-OH, and its chemical structure was confirmed by FTIR and gel permeation chromatography.

TL;DR: In this paper, a novel waterborne polyurethane/flower-like ZnO nanowhiskers (WPU/f-ZnO) composite with different FZNO content was synthesized by an in-situ copolymerization process.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of fiber content, diameter, surface modification and arrangement forms on the biodegradability of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/jute composites were evaluated by compost-soil burial test.

TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of carbonized polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes were compared with those of commercial multi-walled carbon nanitubes, using FTIR and Raman spectroscopies.

TL;DR: In this article, the flame retardancy of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) containing aluminium diethlyphosphinate (AlPi) and/or nanometric metal oxides such as TiO2 or Al2O3 was investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the reaction to fire of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (or POSSs) was investigated by mass loss calorimetry.

TL;DR: In this article, expandable graphite (EG) is used as a good intumescent flame retardant for rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF), however, as it is pulverized into fine particles (pEG) for the purpose of improving the mechanical properties of the foam composite, the flame-retardant properties of pEG-filled RPUF are deteriorated.

TL;DR: Bourmaud et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the relationship between the mechanical properties of the fibres and those of the composites by taking the influence of the recycling into account, and obtained results that the tensile modulus of these polypropylene/vegetal fibre composites is well conserved with the number of reprocessing cycles.

TL;DR: Hexaglycidyl cyclotriphosphazene (HGCP) was synthesized, and characterized by FTIR, 31P, 1H, and 13C-NMR.

TL;DR: A series of intumescent flame-retardant epoxy resins (IFR-EPs) were prepared only by adding a 5 wt% total loading of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and metal compounds as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated abiotic and biotic degradation of polyethylenes (PEs) using plastic bags of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low density polyethylen (LLDPE), formulated with pro-oxidant additives as test materials.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of water and hydrolytic ageing on semi-crystalline poly(ester urethane) and its shape memory functionality have been performed on a model substance and various parameters were monitored: change of the melting/crystallisation temperatures, substantial increase in crystallinity, temperature dependence of the water diffusion coefficient and solubility, hydrogen bonding index and phase mixing by peak deconvolution of the FT-IR carbonyl region and day-to-day tensile and thermo-mechanical cyclic tensile tests.

TL;DR: In this article, thermal degradation of segmented polyurethane (SPU) and commercially available nanoclays were studied using thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (TGA/FTIR).

TL;DR: In this paper, the degradation of the membrane was accelerated as the level of water activity is reduced, and the degradation became less conductive, more brittle and rigid after fuel-cell testing.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of organically modified clay on the physical, mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of the prepared polypropylene/surface modified clay nanocomposites were studied.

TL;DR: The thermal properties of composite materials composed of polylactide (PLA) and green coconut fiber (GCF) were evaluated in this article, and the results indicated that the PLA-g-MA/GCF blend was more easily processed due to a lower melt viscosity, implying a strong connection between these characteristics and biodegradability.

TL;DR: In this article, the level of degradation depended on both the clay structure and surfactant chemistry in organoclays, and the composites, based on clay with larger amount of hydroxyl groups on the edge of clay platelets, experienced much more degradation.

TL;DR: In this paper, heat-induced weight loss and chemical and dimensional changes of small specimens of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) wood were examined after thermal modification in the 190-245 °C temperature range.

TL;DR: In this article, degraded Eucalyptus pellita kraft lignin from the black liquor of KP-AQ pulping was precipitated directly at pH ∼2.0 without further purifying.

TL;DR: In this article, the synergistic effects and mechanism of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with magnesium hydroxide (MH) in halogen-free flame retardant EVA/MH/MWNT nanocomposites have been studied by cone calorimeter test (CCT), limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), torque test, morphological evolution experiment, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

TL;DR: In this article, three different test methods were used to follow thermal degradation, and different conclusions were obtained based on the three different methods that were used for following thermal degradation; the results showed that the thermal degradation rate constants of amorphous PLA and its composites are lower than those of the semicrystalline PLA and their composites.

TL;DR: In this article, a growing interest in the development of nanocomposites consisting of organic polymers and TiO2 or amorphous SiO2 nanoparticles is discussed.