Showing papers in "Preventive Medicine in 1996"

TL;DR: Physician-based counseling for physical activity is efficacious in producing short-term increases in moderate physical activity among previously sedentary patients.

TL;DR: The implementation of a standardized curriculum and staff development program increased children's MVPA in existing school PE classes in four geographic and ethnically diverse communities, meeting the established Year 2000 objective of 50.

TL;DR: It is concluded that computer-tailored nutrition information is a promising means of stimulating people to change their diet toward dietary recommendations.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the areas in cancer control that this field addresses, the promise that it holds, and the problems that must be solved in order to realize its goals.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that early onset of alcohol use (by age 12) is associated with subsequent abuse of alcohol and related problem behaviors in later adolescence, including alcohol-related violence, injuries, drinking and driving, and absenteeism from school or work, as well as increased risks for using other drugs.

TL;DR: The results of this study underscore the need for more robust prevention programming targeted specifically at risk factors, the inclusion of booster sessions to sustain positive effects, and greater attention to interrelationships between developmental processes in adolescent substance use, individual level characteristics, and social context.

TL;DR: The results stress the need for intervention programs aimed at increased consumption of fruits and vegetables among adolescents, and approaches need to be suitable to those at highest risk for inadequate consumption, in particular those from low socioeconomic backgrounds.

TL;DR: This overview presents a simple definition of gene-environment interaction and suggests study designs for detecting it, and five biologically plausible models are described for the relations between genotypes and environmental exposures, in terms of their effects on disease risk.

TL;DR: The CATCH program was effective in changing the psychosocial variables likely to influence a reduction in behavior for cardiovascular disease, and the results point to a need for greater understanding of adolescent developmental issues and the role of community environment in creating effective curricula.

TL;DR: Dietary changes seem to explain the decrease in serum cholesterol, which has been on average 1.0 mmol/liter (38 mg/dl) in Finland since 1972, together with a decline in smoking among males as well as better blood pressure control they have contributed to the dramatic decline in coronary heart disease mortality in Finland.

TL;DR: The prevalence of disordered eating and dieting behaviors among adolescent females shown by this study suggests the need for preventive programs encouraging appropriate eating and Dieting behaviors.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that gender differences related to intent to participate in vigorous activity, perceived behavioral control, and sense of competency are evident in eighth grade and may begin in fifth grade, which precede the gender difference in participation in vigorous Activity demonstrated among ninth graders in the 1990 Youth Risk Behavior Survey.

TL;DR: This is the first community-based intervention study to report progress along the stages of change as a process-oriented measure of success, and it is notable that a spiritually based model focusing on environmental sanctions was more likely than a standard church disseminated self-help intervention to positively influence smoking behavior in an urban African American population.

TL;DR: D dose response of a family intervention has been shown in the acquisition of positive knowledge and attitudes toward health habit changes in the CATCH study, and can be applied to other health promotion projects.

TL;DR: The cognitive mechanisms associated with changes in smoking behavior are related to the cognitive variables which have been shown to predict changes in exercise behavior, which provides preliminary information on how change in one risk behavior may relate to change in another.

TL;DR: The results show that a school-based intervention can positively influence children's intakes of total fat and saturated fat, suggesting that population-based approaches for reducing cardiovascular risk factors in children are feasible and effective.

TL;DR: By considering the characteristics of dropouts, one can reduce attrition bias using available procedures and can take appropriate strategies for reducing dropout rates in future smoking prevention studies.

TL;DR: For example, the authors found that only 53% of respondents reported their understanding of genetics was "good" or "excellent" and that lack of interest was associated with less education, minority status, and less performance of other health-protective behaviors.

TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that efforts must be made to reduce the time needed to get an appointment with a physician or a diagnostic test, as well as to educate physicians and the women themselves regarding the importance of breast symptoms and the value of prompt evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment.

TL;DR: Although the school-based program effected significant institutional changes in food service and physical education class, these did not translate to significant changes in risk factors at these ages, and these behavioral changes, however, have the potential to influence cardiovascular risk reduction.

TL;DR: The CATCH Eat Smart intervention successfully lowered the total fat and saturated fat content of school lunches as offered, while maintaining recommended amounts of calories and essential nutrients.

TL;DR: Prevention programs will reach fire fighters likely to gain the most weight if aimed at those who are unmarried, younger, black, recent ex-smokers, fast eaters, and experiencing certain stressful life events.

TL;DR: Efforts to increase screening must focus on encouraging providers to use CBEs as a screening tool and to recommend mammography, as many women are not having mammography and CBEs.

TL;DR: Examination of the relative effectiveness of four different educational programs in teaching smoking cessation skills to 5th-year medical students in an Australian medical school found traditional teaching methods are ineffective in developing smoking cessation intervention skills.

TL;DR: Though differences in the rate of policy adoption could not be directly attributed to the CATCH intervention, the implementation of the tobacco-free schools' policies did vary substantially from state to state.

TL;DR: African-Americans can be recruited to participate in cancer control and prevention studies if plans include special strategies targeted to addressing unique barriers, beliefs, and concerns.

TL;DR: Smoking abstinence was significantly increased by training physicians and key office and clinical staff to intervene with older smokers and brief interventions tailored to this age cohort can be successfully and efficaciously integrated into routine care.

TL;DR: Cancer screening activities increase with interventions that target either the physician or the patient and, when physicians are targeted, multiple interventions to serve as behavior cues and increase awareness appear optimal.

TL;DR: The community-oriented German Cardiovascular Prevention program can effectively be used to reduce CHD risk factors in a broad population.

TL;DR: Social skills training was found to be ineffective as a means of primary prevention among non-drug-using high-risk adolescents and may even be counterproductive as a ensures primary prevention of marijuana use in this population.