Showing papers in "Progress in Neurobiology in 2022"

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors trace and 3D reconstruct three neighboring astrocytes using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy and reveal a spongiform morphology resulting from the abundance of reflexive and leaflet processes.

TL;DR: Astrocytes contribute to the complex cellular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through neurotransmitter recycling, collectively known as the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle, which is essential to sustain neurotransmission as mentioned in this paper .

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors summarized the emerging evidence of Aβ, tau, and α-Syn aggregation in pathophysiology, and their overlap in a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases including AD, PSP, PiD, CBD, PD and DLB.

TL;DR: In this paper , the human orbitofrontal cortex connecting with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex provided a route to the hippocampus for reward and emotional value to be incorporated into episodic memory, enabling memory of where a reward was seen.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors explore how the pathogenic changes to TDP-43, including mislocalisation, misfolding, aberrant liquid-liquid phase separation, stress granule assembly, oligomerization, and post-translational modification, drive diseaseassociated aggregation in TDP43 proteinopathies.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors provide guidelines on how to design conclusive experiments on distractor suppression and discuss different types of suppressor suppression that need to be distinguished, and provide an overview of models of distractor suppressions.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors provide an integrated overview of existing basic and clinical findings regarding amygdala asymmetries in structure, connections, and functions, and highlight alterations of amygdala abnormality reported in different patient groups.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors suggest that callosal axons can drive their post-synaptic targets preferentially when coupled to other inputs endowing the cortical network with a high degree of conditionality, which depends on several factors such as their pattern of convergence-divergence, the excitatory and inhibitory operation mode, the range of conduction velocities, the variety of homotopic and heterotopic projections and the state-dependency of their firing.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest that callosal axons can drive their post-synaptic targets preferentially when coupled to other inputs endowing the cortical network with a high degree of conditionality, which depends on several factors such as their pattern of convergence-divergence, the excitatory and inhibitory operation mode, the range of conduction velocities, the variety of homotopic and heterotopic projections and the state-dependency of their firing.

TL;DR: In this paper , a gene therapy-mediated cell therapy that regenerates GABAergic neurons using internal hippocampal astrocytes to suppress seizure activity in a rat TLE model was developed.

TL;DR: In this article , a three-step, circuit-based framework is proposed to develop patient-specific treatment targets that address the unique symptom constellation prevalent in each patient by mapping beneficial or undesirable DBS effects to distinct circuits based on group-level data.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors show that the endogenous retrovirus (ERV) class of retrotransposons is particularly enriched in the brain of tau transgenic mice, indicating that these elements actively retrotranspose in the context of brain aging and tauopathy.

TL;DR: In this paper , a sleep-brain-gut link was shown to be relevant in development: sleep habits and bacterial markers predict behavioral-developmental outcomes, which aligns with the newly emerging concept of a sleepbraingut axis.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors highlight the need for a conceptual shift in neuroscience research and policies to reach the patients and propose that instead of increasingly restrictive legislation, more resources for training, education, husbandry, and data sharing are urgently needed.

TL;DR: A review of immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory strategies to treat nerve injuries is presented in this paper , where the authors enumerate the ways in which macrophages contribute to successful nerve regeneration.

TL;DR: In this article , the effects of intranasal oxytocin on local regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the amygdala at rest, and in the covariance between rCBF and other key hubs of the brain oxy-tocin system, follow a doseresponse curve with maximal effects for lower doses.

TL;DR: This paper investigated the role of reactive astrocytes in functional connectivity and recovery after photothrombotic stroke in mice with attenuated reactive gliosis (GFAP-/-Vim-/-).

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors show that brain oscillations in the alpha band (8-13 Hz) implemented the suppression of distracting objects when the perceptual load was high, as reflected by rapid invisible frequency tagging.

TL;DR: In this paper , purinergic P2X7 receptors were found to up-regulated in patients diagnosed with different tauopathies and in a tauopathy mouse model, P301S mice.

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in interacting with human brain activity and highlighting current limitations and recent efforts to overcome these limitations is provided in this paper , along with technological improvements and breakthroughs in noninvasive methods, a paradigm shift towards adaptive closedloop stimulation will be a critical step for advancing human neuroscience.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors discuss the use of zebrafish as a candidate model organism for studying the fundamental mechanisms underlying social interactions, as well as potential impacts of social isolation on human health and wellbeing.

TL;DR: In this paper , DNA methylation profiles from both the hippocampus and anterior temporal neocortex of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) patients subjected to resective epilepsy surgery and autopsied non-epileptic controls were obtained.

TL;DR: In this paper , the thalamus facilitates complex activity by adjusting synaptic connectivity, thereby increasing the availability of different configurations of cortical neurons (cortical "states"), as well as the probability of state transitions.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors discuss the latest studies on the interaction between the oxytocinergic system and astrocytes, including detailed information about intracellular cascades, and speculate about future research directions on astrocell activation.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated synaptic function in the presence or absence of brain Dp140, and found that the absence of Dp139 is associated with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).

TL;DR: The role of the hippocampus in processing auditory information and how the hippocampus itself is shaped by sound has been reviewed in this paper , and the extent of auditory-hippocampal interactions is consistent with the view that the hippocampus makes broad contributions to perception and cognition beyond spatial and episodic memory.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors developed a new in vivo experimental rat model to determine whether inhibition of Kv1.1 channels by dentrotoxin-K (DTX) in the primary motor cortex (M1) could recapitulate the human seizures and to elucidate their subtending cortical mechanisms.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors focus on maladaptive brain reorganization after spinal cord injury (SCI), including the development of neuropathic pain, and its relationship with impairments in body representation and multisensory integration.

TL;DR: In this paper , the hippocampal formation is modeled as a hierarchical generative model that organizes sequential experiences such as rodent trajectories during spatial navigation into coherent spatiotemporal contexts.

TL;DR: In this article , a non-technical overview for neurologists and scientists interested in brain metabolism on neuroprotective strategies targeting mitochondria and focus on top-down interventions such as metabolic modulators, exercise, dietary restriction, brain stimulation and conditioning.