Showing papers in "Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics in 2002"

TL;DR: Patients with cough may be conveniently divided into those with acute, usually viral, illness and those with chronic cough, which represents the largest single cause of consultation in primary care, whereas chronic cough is one of the commonest presentations in respiratory medicine.

TL;DR: Mometasone furoate (MF), has recently been developed for the treatment of asthma and inhibits key anti-inflammatory processes with a potency equal to or greater than that of fluticasone propionate.

TL;DR: A model is proposed to explain the antitussive effects of placebo treatment on the basis of endogenous opioid neurotransmitters, which may explain the analgesic potency of opioid medicines such as morphine.

TL;DR: Airway inflammation substantially increases the mechanical sensitivity of RAR fibres without affecting their adaptive properties and also causes a phenotypic switch in neuropeptide innervation of the airways that RAR neurons begin to synthesis neurokinins and calcitonin gene related peptide.

TL;DR: A functional model of the brainstem elements participating in the production of cough is proposed that incorporates known brainstem interneuronal pathways as well as novel regulatory elements for tracheobronchial and laryngeal cough.

TL;DR: The historical development of the brainstem 'cough centre' is discussed and a cough model demonstrating the voluntary and reflex control of cough in man is proposed and a hypothesis is proposed that cough associated with common cold is a mixture of both reflex and voluntary cough.

TL;DR: A summary of the GOLD program is presented along with information about GOLD documents.

TL;DR: The use of NO-donor compounds or classical unselective NOS inhibitors did not lead to significant therapeutical effects in asthmatic patients and more potent and selective NOS-2 inhibitors have to clarify a role of Nos-modification based therapy in clinical routine.

TL;DR: These findings support the existence of multifunctional neural networks in the mammal brainstem and indicate that the Bötzinger complex and the caudal ventral respiratory group have a crucial role in determining both the inspiratory and the expiratory components of the cough motor pattern.

TL;DR: An overview of pharmacological treatments of ALI/ARDS is provided, including late corticosteroids, inhaled nitric oxide, alveolar surfactant, and vasodilators are being evaluated and suggest beneficial effects on the patient outcome.

TL;DR: Methods for testing for the 'threshold' for eliciting the cough reflex have been borrowed from asthma care, and modification of the disease process can lessen coughing and the sensitivity to capsaicin.

TL;DR: The sensitizing effect is caused by a direct action of PGE(2) on pulmonary C-fibers, and the cAMP/protein kinase A transduction cascade is probably involved.

TL;DR: Local administration of NGF induces fibroblast activation and healing processes of human corneal ulcers, which suggests that NGF plays a role in tissue remodelling processes occurring in asthma.

TL;DR: Mucolytic therapy for patients with advanced airway obstruction improves ventilation and reduces the frequency of exacerbation, and mucus clearance remains effective due to cough and two-phase, gas-liquid interactions.

TL;DR: The data suggests that the anti-apoptotic effect of Gro-alpha is mediated through CXCR2 as selective CX CR2 blockade with SB272844 can potently abrogate this response.

TL;DR: The cough reflex is initiated through activation of vagal afferent nerves, and rapidly adapting receptors fulfill all criteria for the afferents subserving the cough reflex.

TL;DR: The data presented here suggest that (R,R)-formoterol binds to the beta(2) adrenoceptor and inhibits the contraction of bronchial tissues by spasmogens.

TL;DR: Because there are no pathognomonic findings of PNDS, the diagnosis is inferential and is based upon a combination of clinical findings, the results of ancillary testing, and the response to specific therapy.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) as a candidate transmitter and target for pathogenic catalytic autoantibodies found in certain humans.

TL;DR: It is suggested that specific adenosine receptors contribute to airway responsiveness and airway inflammation associated with this model of allergic asthma.

TL;DR: A cough specific HRQoL instrument should be considered for routine use to optimally evaluate the impact of cough on patients and assess the efficacy of cough modifying agents.

TL;DR: Preclinical findings showing that activation of the 'opioid-like' receptor (NOP(1)) inhibits cough in the guinea pig and cat are discussed.

TL;DR: C coughing in patients with Parkinson's disease who show a high incidence of serious chest infections turned out to have a normal cough threshold but reduced expiratory muscle force during reflex coughing; this suggests an impairment in the central mechanisms subserving muscle activation possibly leading to inefficient airway clearing.

TL;DR: Investigation into the cough reflex and into the potential mechanisms of sensitised cough reflex have uncovered several potential targets for novel drugs, including new opioids such as k- and d-receptor agonists apart from m-agonists, and non-opioid, nociceptin.

TL;DR: Self-scoring evaluations are still widely used, but the inclusion of quality of life tools specifically adapted to the evaluation of cough appears to be a useful tool that can directly measure the impact of chronic cough.

TL;DR: It is important however, not to over-diagnose asthma in children who in fact have a chronic non-specific cough, and have normal long-term lung function.

TL;DR: The findings that in this model of ventilation-induced lung injury exogenous surfactant at the same time improved lung functions and enhanced mediator release suggest that Surfactant treatment may prevent barotrauma and augment biotraum.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the mechanism of the improvement of dyspnea by inhaling furosemide is not associated with the decrease in the ventilatory drive to CO(2), and suggests that the dyspneic sensation produced during hypercapnic hyperpnea can be reduced.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the actual concentration of capsaicin solution is less than predicted, and solutions of 4 microM or higher concentration are stable for 1 year if stored at 4 degrees C protected from light.