Showing papers in "Research Policy in 1998"

TL;DR: The first academic revolution made research an academic function in addition to teaching, and the second academic revolution integrated economic development as an additional function as mentioned in this paper, and the third academic revolution incorporated economic and social development as part of their mission.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined innovative activity using a database of innovations in the UK and found that firms located in strong industrial clusters or regions are more likely to innovate than firms outside these regions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight distinctive features of a neglected class of economic activity in the domain of innovation, namely the creation and development of high cost, complex products and systems (CoPS), asking how their nature might be expected to affect innovation and industrial organisation.

TL;DR: In this paper, a combination of a long-standing culture of co-operation and the economic success in the mechanical industry can be interpreted in terms of a specific path-dependant evolution of a stable sector of the national system of innovation, but with the tendency to lock-in effects.

TL;DR: A 1993 survey on the innovative activities of Europe's largest industrial firms obtained useable results on patenting activities for 604 respondents as mentioned in this paper, which were used to calculate the sales-weighted propensity rates for 19 industries.

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of partners' technological capabilities in partner selection in interfirm collaborations has been examined using patent citation data, and the results provide support for the resource-based view of the firm.

TL;DR: In this article, Mansfield et al. published an estimate of the percentage of new products and processes based on recent academic research occurring within 15 years of the commercialization of whatever innovation is being considered.

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of innovation in determining export behavior for a sample of UK firms including both innovating and non-innovating firms was investigated. And the authors concluded that the capacity to innovate changes the behaviour of the firm relative to non-innovating firms, while the number of past innovations has a positive impact on the probability of an innovative firm exporting.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors conclude that there is reason for concern that the present movement towards stronger patent protection may hinder rather than stimulate technological and economic progress, and that strong patent rights are not conducive to economic progress.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provided fresh empirical evidence on technological innovation in the service sector, and highlighted major similarities and differences with manufacturing, finding that the most important objective of firms' innovation strategies consist of improving service/product quality, increasing market shares and reducing production costs.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the Special Issue on New Technology-Based Firms in Europe, which summarizes the role of smaller firms in the development of Europe's high technology sectors and discusses the characteristics of European NTBFs and their founders.

TL;DR: The results suggest that project success factors are not universal for all projects, suggesting the need for a more contingent approach in project management theory and practice.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between technological and business diversification and found that during the 1980s many firms focused on fewer businesses, but they found no evidence of greater technological focus.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors take an empirical point of departure from recent findings regarding the positive relationship between technology diversification on the one hand and corporate growth and business diversification, and the findings are thus taken as an explanandum for a proposed approach to formulate a theory of the technology-based firm.

TL;DR: This groundbreaking paper has now been re-printed twice in international reference collections on the management of technology and knowledge as discussed by the authors, including the International Library of Critical Writings on Business and Management series.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of public policy measures implemented in EU countries to support New Technology-Based Firms (NTBFs) during the 1980s and early 1990s is presented.

TL;DR: A theoretical framework based on empirical case study research is developed that explains the role of tacit knowledge in technical change and how scientific knowledge is used in innovation and develops a theoretical argument that proposes that science cannot be directly applied to produce technology because science answers the wrong question.

TL;DR: Innovation studies confirm de Tocqueville's prediction that continuous technical change in business firms in modern society would require the development in close proximity of publicly funded basic research and associated training.

TL;DR: The intrinsic appropriability of a discipline/research tradition can be raised by other means, for example, by combining what could be considered the core knowledge of an organization with complementary assets (e.g., legal, marketing, financial competencies, etc).

TL;DR: The authors discusses the changes in that arrangement and gives three particular cases of what is termed an increasingly closer science-media-coupling: pre-publication of results in the media, the role of media prominence in relation to scientific reputation, and the cassandra syndrome in some areas of research.

TL;DR: In this paper, the evolutionary economic concepts of local search and performance heuristics are used to predict new design introduction during the initial period of ferment in a new product market, and the results support the argument that local search, along with other market factors and business characteristics, influence design introduction.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the emerging phenomenon of global cooperation in research between industrialised countries, manifested in large increases in copublication between Europe and other regions, increasing focus on single global facilities in big science and the emergence of global cooperative programmes.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the National Systems of Innovation (NSI) of Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries and attempt to assess their performances, concluding that, overall, the region's NSI have evolved since their inception in the 1950s into weak entities.

TL;DR: Bespreking van and Swann as discussed by the authors described the dynamics of industrial clustering, International comparison in computing and biotechnology Oxford:Oxford University Press,2000 0-19-828959-6

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a study on the correlation between bibliometric indicators and the outcomes of peer judgements made by expert committees of physics in the Netherlands, focusing on the results of an evaluation of 56 research programmes in condensed matter physics.

TL;DR: The general nature of the trial-and-error problem-solving processes and strategies for experimentation used in the development of new products and services are described and a detailed case study of the impact one novel experimental method, combinatorial chemistry, is having on the economics of the drug discovery process is offered.

TL;DR: In this article, a database of significant innovations introduced in the UK during the 1980s was used to show that the value of the innovations introduced did not increase systematically with the size of the innovating firms.

TL;DR: The influence of the policies of funding agencies on cognitive developments in science has never been systematically evaluated as mentioned in this paper, and the authors of this paper aim to gather the knowledge we have on this subject and to answer two questions: by what means and processes is the distribution of funding resources transformed into scientific information and knowledge processes?

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized recent trends in the structure of the US national innovation system and concluded that the efforts to restrict foreign participation in US or EU publicly funded R&D programs seem to be ill-advised and infeasible.

TL;DR: In this paper, the adoption of early supplier involvement (ESI) in the product development process has been investigated in a group of assembly-based industries outside the automotive setting to determine if the adoption and benefits of ESI are found in other domains as well Twenty-five companies in three non-automotive industries participated in the research.