Showing papers in "Research Policy in 2003"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors develop a perspective on technology entrepreneurship as involving agency that is distributed across different kinds of actors, and explicate this perspective through a comparative study of processes underlying the emergence of wind turbines in Denmark and in United States.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore how the mundane but necessary task of field support is organized in the case of Apache web server software, and why some project participants are motivated to provide this service gratis to others.

TL;DR: The internal organization of the Research University consists of a series of research groups that have firm-like qualities, especially under conditions in which research funding is awarded on a competitive basis as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: The motives of 141 contributors to a large Open Source Software project (the Linux kernel) was explored with an Internet-based questionnaire study and activities in these teams were particularly determined by participants’ evaluation of the team goals as well as by their perceived indispensability and self-efficacy.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present quantitative and qualitative evidence on the relative productivity of university technology transfer offices (TTOs) and conclude that the most critical organizational factors are faculty reward systems, TTO staffing/compensation practices, and cultural barriers between universities and firms.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the innovative performance of a large international sample of nearly 1200 companies in four high-tech industries, using a variety of indicators, ranging from R&D inputs, patent counts and patent citations to new product announcements.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors combine estimates of the value of patent rights from a survey of patent-holders with a set of indicator variables in order to model the patent value, and find that the number of references to the patent literature as well as the citations a patent receives are positively related to its value.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare four different explanations for cross-institutional variation in new firm formation rates from university technology licensing offices (TLO) over the 1994-1998 period, including the availability of venture capital in the university area, the commercial orientation of university research and development, intellectual eminence, and university policies.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine how user-innovators gather the information and assistance they need to develop their ideas and how they share and diffuse the resulting innovations, and they find that innovation-related information, as well as the innovations themselves, are freely shared within these communities.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss how the interior processes of a project are influenced by its historical and organizational context and suggest that future research on project management needs to extend its temporal scope, analyzing how project practices evolve through history over prior, present, and future projects, as well as its organizational scope.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a synthetic framework identifying the central drivers of start-up commercialization strategy and the implications of these drivers for industrial dynamics, and link strategy to the commercialization environment, the microeconomic and strategic conditions facing a firm that is translating an idea into a value proposition for customers.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the existence, channels and implications of strategic improvisation in knowledge-intensive new businesses and suggest that not only may founding itself be improvisational in some cases, but improvisational processes and issues permeate entrepreneurial activity and have non-obvious implications for emergent firm strategies and competencies.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the effects of geographic proximity to established biotechnology firms, sources of biotechnology expertise (highly-skilled labor), and venture capitalists on the location-specific founding rates and performance of Biotechnology firms.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors claim that knowledge-relatedness is a key factor in affecting firms' technological diversification and propose an original measure of knowledge relatedness, using co-classification codes contained in patent documents.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed an inductive theory of the open source software innovation process by focussing on the creation of Freenet, a project aimed at developing a decentralized and anonymous peer-to-peer electronic file sharing network.

TL;DR: Responding to the Internet and open source systems, three traditional vendors of proprietary platforms experimented with hybrid strategies which attempted to combine the advantages of open source software while retaining control and differentiation.

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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the extent to which cooperation for innovation is associated with firm-level product and process "innovativeness" and, where collaborative relationships are reported, the factors which influence their spatial distribution.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss three key economic problems raised by the emergence of Open Source: motivation, co-ordination, and diffusion, and show that recent developments in the theory of diffusion of technologies with network externality may help to explain these phenomena.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the incentives that users might have to freely reveal their proprietary innovations and develop a game-theoretic model to explore the effect of these incentives on users' decisions to reveal or hide their proprietary information.

TL;DR: Exploration of this seemingly contradictory state of a community managed software project’s intellectual property may provide new insight into governance models for the management of digital intellectual property.

TL;DR: In this article, the determinant factors in the organisation of a firm's innovative activities are investigated within a theoretical framework combining evolutionary theory and the resource-based view of the firm.

TL;DR: This article examined possible methodological and contextual explanations of the trends in Australia's presence in the SCI, and undertakes a detailed comparison of two universities that introduced diverse research management strategies in the late 1980s, concluding that the driving force behind the Australian trends appears to lie with the increased culture of evaluation faced by the sector.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors model the relationship between technology transfer experience, embeddedness in biotechnology industry networks, basic science quality and capacity, and citation impact measures of university life science patents.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the role of the top-down nature of Swedish policies in promoting the commercialization of university-generated knowledge and argue that it is likely to be true in part due to an academic environment that discourages academics from actively participating in the commercialisation of their ideas.

TL;DR: In this paper, a case study of one particular Swedish University; Chalmers University of Technology's transformation process is examined against the backdrop of the changing national climate for universities as well as local factors within the university itself.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use insights from strategic management and organizational theory to suggest that organizational size may have an important impact on the extent of external learning, since it differentially affects the likelihood of learning via formal and informal mechanisms.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an econometric analysis of the R&D-growth of firms relation based on a database of Italian firms, with time series in the range 1989-1997, drawn from the Mediocredito survey of Italian manufacturing.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors trace institutional change in the US electric power industry over a 40-year period and find that when the institutional environment is stable, incumbent organizational forms and embedded logics present formidable obstacles to entrepreneurial activity.