Showing papers in "Survey of Ophthalmology in 2019"

TL;DR: An overview of key areas and of avenues for further research toward the goal of more effectively addressing the problem of microbial keratitis on both an individual and public health level are provided.

TL;DR: An overview of the basic principles in AI that are essential to the understanding of AI and its application in health care and a descriptive analysis of the current state of AI in various fields of medicine, especially ophthalmology are presented.

TL;DR: This work attempts to provide a basic understanding of the choroid in both health and disease using these choroidal biomarkers, and addresses lacunae in the literature that have led to ambiguity and difficulty in the interpretation of these variables.

TL;DR: It is concluded that, compared with monofocal IOLs, MFIOLs give patients better near vision and intermediate vision at 60 cm, both corrected and uncorrected.

TL;DR: The recent literature describing the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, neuroimaging, and management of typical and atypical optic neuritis is described.

TL;DR: The development of a subthreshold laser technique, the micropulse laser, has been investigated as a potential alternative to traditional glaucoma laser procedures, with an aim to further decrease the risk of side effects without compromising the laser treatments' efficacy.

TL;DR: Pat characteristics including other comorbid diseases, allergy history, age, race, and gender showed only an increased rate of reaction in patients with a history of reaction to fluorescein, and the only proven method is reviewing allergy history.

TL;DR: Choroidal and retinal thickness measured by OCT may be promising markers for inflammation in systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases; however, more studies are warranted before generalizing choroidal thickness measurements by OCT as a marker for disease activity.

TL;DR: This work reviews the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, different causes, and associated therapeutic options of ocular hypotony, an infrequent, yet potentially vision-threatening, entity.

TL;DR: The results suggest that sports camps, prescription and training in the use of low vision devices, and oral hygiene programs might be effective in improving functioning and elements of participation and quality of life in children with visual impairment.

TL;DR: This work reviews and evaluates current artificial intelligence methods and developments for the automated detection of drusen in the context of age-related macular degeneration.

TL;DR: Current recommended management and treatment of capillary hemangiomas are reviewed and the benefits and risks of all previously reported treatment modalities are discussed.

TL;DR: The various types of crystalline retinopathies are outlined and their associated etiologies, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, multimodal imaging findings, and management strategies are summarized.

TL;DR: A surgical algorithm is proposed for the management of complex patients with tractional retinal detachment that combines bimanual surgical technique, choice of tamponade, and the avoidance of iatrogenic damage.

TL;DR: The goal is to reduce the frequency of toxic anterior segment syndrome by highlighting the importance of prevention, early recognition, and distinguishing toxic anterior segments syndrome from infectious endophthalmitis.

TL;DR: Optic disk pit, one of the optic disk cavitary anomalies, is generally congenital and unilateral and occurs equally in males and females and with the evolution of imaging modalities, especially optic coherence tomography, the knowledge of this disorder continues to increase.

TL;DR: This work examines reasons why treatment of nonarteritic CRAO remains problematic and suggests a provisional new approach to treatment based on updated understanding of CRAO pathophysiology and analysis of current therapeutic options and their rationales.

TL;DR: The pharmacologic properties and clinical use of the currently available antifungal drugs are discussed and several new drugs and drug-delivery systems have been introduced in an attempt to improve the treatment outcomes.

TL;DR: These pooled h2 estimates of glaucoma and related endophenotypes provide the most accurate assessment to date of the total genetic variation that can ultimately be explained by gene-finding studies.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the literature to determine whether nutritional interventions intended to prevent or delay the progression of glaucoma could prove to be a valuable addition to the mainstay of glucoblastoma multiforme (GBM) therapy.

TL;DR: What "Lean" and Six Sigma are and their implementation in settings such as cataract surgery, laser capsulotomy, an ophthalmic emergency room and its role as a powerful tool for improving clinic patient flow are explained.

TL;DR: The pathogenesis, risk factors, prevention, and management options of retinal folds are reviewed, and optical coherence tomography-based descriptions for Retinal folds that have been used in the literature are highlighted.

TL;DR: High-intensity focused ultrasound induces a selective and controlled thermal ablation of the distal part of the ciliary body, and this effect is independent from the degree of tissue pigmentation with limited damage to adjacent structures.

TL;DR: An overview of contemporary methods and metrics used to measure near vision, intermediate vision, and accommodation is presented to facilitate the comparison of visual outcomes between studies and to standardization for the measurement of near and intermediate vision.

TL;DR: The actions of statins on the eye and its associated ophthalmic disorders are examined, extending the range of ocular diseases that may be amenable to treatment.

TL;DR: An overview of the importance of real-world evidence in the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy is provided and the relative strengths and limitations of randomized controlled trials and real- world studies are assessed.

TL;DR: A literature review and identified 10 programs that provided school-based screening, examinations, and spectacle prescription and reviewed their referral rates, criteria, mechanisms, adherence, ocular findings at referral, and long-term care plans.

TL;DR: Various causes of facial paralysis as well as the level 1 evidence supporting the use of a short course of oral steroids for idiopathic Bell's palsy to improve functional outcomes are evaluated.

TL;DR: Historically, adjuvant chemotherapy had been reserved for metastatic disease, but immunotherapy and targeted chemotherapies are currently being investigated for use in primary disease.

TL;DR: The history, epidemiology, and biochemistry of asteroid hyalosis, as well as its relationship with ocular and systemic conditions, are reviewed and hypotheses regarding its lack of significant effects on vision are proposed.