Showing papers in "The Lancet Global Health in 2013"

TL;DR: The differences and temporal changes found in causes of blindness and MSVI have implications for planning and resource allocation in eye care.

TL;DR: Children's and women's haemoglobin statuses improved in some regions where concentrations had been low in the 1990s, leading to a modest global increase in mean haemochemistry and a reduction in anaemia prevalence between 1995 and 2011.

TL;DR: Worldwide, the burden of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke increased significantly between 1990 and 2010 in terms of the absolute number of people with incident ischaemia and haelopathy, number of deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years lost, and DALYs lost.

TL;DR: The burden of small-for-gestational-age births is very high in countries of low and middle income and is concentrated in south Asia.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors systematically searched five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycNET, and CINAHL) for studies assessing the association between exposure to e-waste and outcomes related to mental health and neurodevelopment, physical health, education, and violence and criminal behaviour, from Jan 1, 1965 to Dec 17, 2012, and yielded 2274 records.

TL;DR: On the basis of population-attributable fractions, factors related to gender and relationship practices are shown to be most important, followed by experiences of childhood trauma, alcohol misuse and depression, low education, poverty, and involvement in gangs and fights with weapons.

TL;DR: The research and development pipeline of drugs and vaccines for neglected diseases from 2000 to 2011 shows a persistent insufficiency in drug and vaccine development for neglected Diseases, with a slight improvement during the past 12 years.

TL;DR: National, child-focused cash transfers to alleviate poverty for households in sub-Saharan Africa can substantially reduce unsafe partner selection by adolescent girls and effective combination strategies for prevention of HIV.

TL;DR: It is suggested that a wide range of treatable or preventable pathogens are implicated in non-malarial febrile illness in Laos and empirical treatment with doxycycline for patients with undifferentiated fever and negative rapid diagnostic tests for malaria and dengue could be an appropriate strategy for rural health workers in Laos.

TL;DR: In children aged 4-23 months, daily iron supplementation effectively reduces anaemia, however, the adverse effect profile of iron supplements and effects on development and growth are uncertain.

TL;DR: Associated factors included poverty, personal history of victimisation (especially in childhood), low empathy, alcohol misuse, masculinities emphasising heterosexual performance, dominance over women, and participation in gangs and related activities.

TL;DR: Between 1985 and 2011, the urban advantage in height fell in southern and tropical Latin America and south Asia, but changed little or not at all in most other regions, and the urban–rural weight differential decreased, but increased in east and southeast Asia and worldwide, because weight gain of urban children outpaced that of rural children.

TL;DR: This work estimates neonatal, 1-59 months, and overall under-5 mortality by sex for 597 Indian districts and assesses whether India is on track to achieve the UN 2015 Millennium Development Goal for under- 5 mortality (MDG 4).

TL;DR: It is suggested that Xpert MTB/RIF on respiratory secretions is a useful test for rapid diagnosis of paediatric pulmonary tuberculosis in primary care.

TL;DR: Although inflation-adjusted medicine prices were numerically lower, there were concerning decreases in availability of lowest-priced generic medicines in both the public and private sectors in 2012 from already low availability in 2010.

TL;DR: Clinicians should be aware of the increased risk of stroke in people with HIV, even in the absence of antiretroviral treatment, as many of the risk factors for stroke already reported for other world regions are identified.

TL;DR: Major gaps and uncertainties in the understanding of the risks associated with exposure, vulnerability, and causal linkage of e-waste to disease burden are shown, and broader geographical and methodological scopes of research on the health of electronic waste are needed to fill the major gaps.

TL;DR: The first assessment of Avahan to account for the causal pathway of the intervention, that of changing risk behaviours in female sex workers and high-risk men who have sex with men to avert HIV infections in these groups and the general population, suggests that substantial preventive effects can be achieved by targeted behavioural HIV prevention initiatives.

TL;DR: A major failure of the authors' global society in the 21st century is that many people in developing countries are not only born and live without any official record of their existence--a flagrant deprivation of an essential human right--but also die without having been seen by medically qualified personnel.

TL;DR: Early vision assessment for all patients and follow-up assessment only for patients who return to the clinic without prompting are valid measures of operative quality in settings where follow- up is poor.

TL;DR: Noma is associated with indicators of severe poverty and altered oral microbiota and the predominance of specific bacterial commensals is indicative of a modification of the oral microbiota associated with reduced bacterial diversity.

TL;DR: Viral CNS infections are an important cause of hospital admission and death in children in Malawi, including in children whose coma might be attributed solely to cerebral malaria, and interaction between viral infection and parasitaemia could increase disease severity.

TL;DR: The Global Fund's present performance-based funding system does not adequately convey incentives for performance to recipients, and the organisation should redesign this system to explicitly link a portion of the funds to a simple performance measure in health coverage or outcomes, measured independently and robustly.

TL;DR: Funding and leadership for the preterm birth research meetings were provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, GAPPS, March of Dimes, and NICHD.

TL;DR: Funding for tuberculosis control increased substantially between 2002 and 2011, resulting in impressive and cost-effective gains, and international donor funding remains crucial in many countries and more is needed to achieve 2015 targets.

TL;DR: This work concludes that children’s environmental health—from knowledge to action in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacifi c.

TL;DR: A randomised controlled, non-inferiority, four-period crossover trial to assess the functional performance and safety of three new condom types-the Woman's Condom, the VA worn-of-women (wow) Condom Feminine, and the Cupid female condom-against the existing second-generation female condom (FC2).