Showing papers in "Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology in 1970"

TL;DR: A modification of the DTNB method was developed for the simultaneous determination of red cell and plasma cholinesterases in samples of only 0.01-0.03 ml of whole human and animal blood, using a relatively short incubation period of 10 min and an incubation temperature of 30°C as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: A single large po or sc dose of indomethacin produced a high incidence of intestinal perforations 72 hr after administration to fed rats, and it appeared possible that there was a relationship between food intake, bile flow, and intestinal ulcers.

TL;DR: A significant difference in toxicity was found between the compounds: compounds I and II showed the highest, compound III the lowest, toxicity.

TL;DR: The hydroxylation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, cumene, o -xylene, m -xylene, p -Xylene, p-cymene, pseudocumene, and mesitylene was studied following their oral administration to rats to study the formation of phenolic metabolites to the toxicity of aromatic hydrocarbons.

TL;DR: Light microscopic studies of lungs affected by paraquat after po and iv administration or local instillation showed intra-alveolar hemorrhage, edema, extensive fibrosis, and changes in the epithelium.

TL;DR: Metallothionein is identified as the compound responsible for the selective binding and retention of mercury in the kidney of rats.

TL;DR: Old rats (10–12 months old) were significantly more susceptible to acute ethanol poisoning than young adult rats (3–4 months old), and the total liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity was 3-fold greater.

TL;DR: Cells beat longer in cultures composed chiefly of M-cells than in unseparated cultures, and differences between the two types of cells, in response to higher concentrations of nicotine, were demonstrated by vacuole formation and nuclear changes.

TL;DR: Ammonia, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, dimethylamine, and ethanol were tested for toxic effects by the inhalation route in rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, monkeys, and dogs during continuous or repeated exposures.

TL;DR: In the kidney, with decreasing doses of mercury and prolonged survival time, the contribution of intermediate molecular weight protein complexes to the total 203Hg, as found with Sephadex G-200, tended to decline, and a relative increase was noticed in the fraction of the highest molecular weight as well as in the fractions of moderate molecular weight.

TL;DR: In spite of these shortcomings, the ease, speed, high sensitivity for detection and possibility for differential identification of narcotic analgesics make this method highly practical.

TL;DR: It was found that animals exposed to 4000 ppm for 6 hr or given 3.25 mg/g of CCl 4 orally developed tolerance to subsequent normally lethal CCl 2 exposures, suggesting that the toxicity of C Cl 4 is related to its metabolic pathway or to the production of toxic intermediates.

TL;DR: The data from repeated studies support the current Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of 0.1 ppm and a tentative 90-day Confined Space Guideline (CSG) of0.02 ppm is suggested based on data obtained from these studies.

TL;DR: Incubation conditions contributing to this difficulty in demonstrating enzyme induction by phenobarbital were too much protein; too slow shaking rate; too little agitation of incubation mixtures; and use of open air rather than flowing oxygen as gas phase.

TL;DR: The treated rats had dose-related feed intake depression growth retardation hair loss mastropathy liver hyperplasia and gonadal atrophy, but the treated animals had a lessened frequency and severity of those degenerative diseases usually associated with aging and an increased survival rate compared to controls.

TL;DR: Results confirm the practical utility of neonates for carcinogenicity testing in that remote tumors develop rapidly following restricted parenteral administration of relatively small quantites of test materials.

TL;DR: Signs of toxicosis in both dogs and monkeys included moderate to severe anemia, reticulocytosis, normoblastosis, pallor of mucous membranes, bilirubinuria, and proteinuria, while Histopathology findings were limited to deposition of iron pigment in livers of dogs.

TL;DR: Increase of Toxogonin dosage to 17.0 mg/kg, the molar equivalent of 7.5mg/kg of 2-PAMCl, significantly increased the protection offered by atropine-oxime treatment to both sarin-poisoned rats and guinea pigs.

TL;DR: With 53 pairs of industrial organic chemicals in which the ratio of the rat peroral LD50 values of the 2 components ranged from 1 to an extreme of 140, the harmonic mean formula for additive joint toxicity predicted the toxicity of equitoxic mixtures as satisfactorily as it previously was shown to do for equivolume mixtures.

TL;DR: It is suggested that indium may play an important role in some metalloenzyme necessary for limb bud differentiation, as it caused a high incidence of malformations of the digits of the extremities in pregnant hamsters.

TL;DR: The absorption, distribution, excretion, and metabolism of disodium cromoglycate, DSCG, [the disodium salt of 1,3-bis(2-carboxychromon-5-yloxy)-2-hydroxypropane] have been studied in the rat, finding the compound was rapidly excreted in the urine and bile.

TL;DR: Rats, guinea pigs, monkeys, and dogs were exposed repeatedly to the vapors of benzene, toluene, o-xylene, or cumene for a total of 30 exposures over a 6-week period.

TL;DR: The comparative toxicity of NO 2 was studied in five species: mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, and dogs, where Fifty parts per million was a critical concentration; below this value mortality rarely occurred with exposures up to 8 hours.

TL;DR: It is suggested that stimulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes, and the accompanying increase in liver weight and microsomal protein, are manifestations of a physiological adaptation.

TL;DR: Evidence is presented which suggests that respiratory failure after intravenous injection is due to blockade of muscular nerve axons, and Animals can be resuscitated after a marginal lethal dose by artificial ventilation alone, provided this is instituted before hypoxia becomes severe.

TL;DR: The teratogenic effects resulting from hypervitaminosis A in the hamster and the guinea pig were studied and multiple administration at the higher dosage levels produced a higher level of fetal mortality than did any level of single administration.

TL;DR: Sixty-one methylenedioxyphenyl compounds, including synthetic insecticide synergists, natural products, and related open-ring analogs, were tested for inhibition of hepatic microsomal enzyme function in mice, as measured by prolongation of hexobarbital narcosis and of zoxazolamine paralysis.

TL;DR: Antifertility effects extended over the entire mating period; however, mutagenic effects were largely restricted to females mated within the first 3 weeks after drug administration to males.

TL;DR: Considerably greater quantities of rubratoxin B were required orally, however, to produce effects comparable to those observed following ip injection, which resulted in a suppression of animal growth and lowering of food intake.

TL;DR: The data indicate that an elevation of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes can be achieved after the acute administration of nicotine, but only when convulsive doses are given several times a day, suggesting that the increased activity after acute drug treatment may be a stress-related event.