Showing papers in "Toxicon in 1985"

TL;DR: Hemorrhage was only partially neutralized when antivenom was administered i.v. at different time periods after envenomation, suggesting that the rapid development of local hemorrhage is the explanation for the poor neutralization observed in these types of experiments.

TL;DR: The structure of the unique 'red tide' dinoflagellate neurotoxin, brevetoxin-B is presented and the experimental data supporting the chemical structure is discussed and a biosynthetic scheme for the natural formation of the brevetoxins skeleton is proposed.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the venom of Brazilian snakes of the genus Crotalus can induce systemic myonecrosis, confirming injury to muscle tissue and suggesting acute hypercatabolic renal failure.

TL;DR: Analysis of puffer fish tissue extracts by a fluorometric tetrodotoxin analyzer revealed the presence of three tetrodonic acid, 4-epitetrodot toxin and anhydrotetrodOToxin derivatives besides tetrodtoxin, which were isolated and identified on the basis of mass spectral and NMR measurements.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the principal toxins in these three venoms are homologous.

TL;DR: This rapid solid phase stick test has been able to differentiate clinically implicated fishes from non-toxic fishes with P less than 0.005 and it is suggested that the stick test will be valuable in the screening of ciguatoxin and related polyether toxins in contaminated fish tissues.

TL;DR: Vasospasm, direct nephrotoxicity of Bothrops venom and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation leading to vascular occlusion and renal ischemia are the proposed pathogenetic mechanisms to explain renal cortical necrosis following BothroPS snake bite.

TL;DR: Results point to an allosteric mechanism of brevetoxin action involving preferential binding to active states of Sodium channels which have high affinity for neurotoxins, causing persistent activation of sodium channels at receptor site 2.

TL;DR: The proteolytic activity of moojeni protease A increases about 20% in the presence of Ca2+; Mg2+ has no effect and other divalent cations cause inhibition; the activity was restored by addition ofCa2+.

TL;DR: The effects of HF2 were qualitatively similar to those of bothropasin and crude B. jararaca venom, but its potency was about 20 times higher, and the haemorrhagic and necrotizing actions of these components are unrelated to their proteolytic activity on casein.

TL;DR: Nine macrocyclic trichothecenes, thought to cause toxic effects in herbivors, were isolated from the Brazilian shrub Baccharis coridifolia and it is concluded that the plant is able to absorb and accumulate these mycotoxins.

TL;DR: A novel peptide toxin, which causes a sleep-like state upon intracerebral injection in mice, has been purified to homogeneity from the venom of the piscivorous marine snail Conus geographus L.

TL;DR: Four species of sea anemones in the coastal waters of Japan were surveyed for hemolysins and sheep were most sensitive to the hemolySins of the three positive species, indicating that parasitoxin has no subunit structure.

TL;DR: Peptide P2 (35 amino acid residues), a structural homologue of the so called Buthus epeus short 'insectotoxins' I1 and I5, was inactive on fly larvae and absent from the 'manual venom' obtained by manual handling and excitation of the scorpions.

TL;DR: Using highly specific radioimmunoassays for toxins I, II and III of the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector, the concentrations of these neurotoxins have been determined in pooled as well as in individual samples.

TL;DR: Elevated levels of toxin accumulation in kidney compared with liver and toxin-mediated reductions in protein synthesis and enzyme activities in kidney identified it as a target organ of ochratoxin toxicity.

TL;DR: The findings indicate that the intracompartmental pressure, and presumably destructive damage of the venom, can be controlled by adequate levels of i.v. antivenin.

TL;DR: Aqueous extracts of 48 sponge species from the Red Sea, the Australian Barrier Reef and the Florida Keys were screened for hemagglutinating, hemolytic, ichthyotoxic and lethal activities and components of low molecular weight seem to be related to components ofLow molecular weight in the sponge extracts.

TL;DR: A morphological model which proposes that the ring- and arc-shaped SLO complexes hitherto described are polymerized forms of single SLO molecules is proposed and a functional model which suggests a mode of action of SLO-SH complexes is discussed.

TL;DR: A rapid and improved purification procedure is described for phospholipase A2 from the Indian cobra, Naja naja nja, based on affinity chromatography of the venom through Affi-Gel Blue to obtain a 9-fold purification in one step.

TL;DR: A toxin analogous to Mojave toxin or protein K' was isolated from venom of the Mojave rattlesnake (Crotalus s. scutulatus) by anion exchange and gel permeation chromatography, and its geographic distribution in North American rattler species resembles a mosaic.

TL;DR: A method is described which produces a high, permanent antibody response following a single injection of venom, and the development of significant antibody responses after oral administration of liposome-entrapped but not free venom.

TL;DR: Proteolytic and hemorrhagic activity were both abolished by treatment with EDTA and neither activity was restored by prolonged dialysis against Zn2+ or Ca2+.

TL;DR: Seven species of rattlesnakes from Baja, Mexico, were investigated for venom yield, protein content, lethal toxicity, 'Mojave toxin' content and hemorrhagic, esterase (BAEE), phosphodiesterase and protease activities, and the venom of C. mitchellii was the only venom lacking hemorrhagic activity.

TL;DR: Intramuscular emergency treatment with small quantities of antivenom did not prevent the above noted alterations in coagulation and a good correlation with the severity of the envenomation.

TL;DR: The edema effect induced in mice by venoms of Crotalus durissus durISSus and Lachesis muta stenophrys was studied and neutralizing activity was tested by preincubation of the venoms with polyvalent antivenom.