Showing papers in "Veterinary Parasitology in 2004"

TL;DR: Information on the biology of oocyst-induced infections of T. gondii in humans and animals is reviewed and possible importance of transmission by water is examined.

TL;DR: Reports of outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis related to drinking water in North America, the UK, and Japan, where detection methods are in place, indicate that water is a major vehicle for transmission of Cryptosporidium.

TL;DR: The taxonomy and molecular epidemiology ofGiardia and Giardia infections are reviewed and the greatest risk of zoonotic transmission appears to be from companion animals such as dogs and cats, although further studies are required in different endemic foci.

TL;DR: The findings clearly demonstrate that earlier reports on the presence and prevalence of C. parvum in post-weaned cattle that were based solely on oocyst morphology must be reassessed using molecular methods to validate species and genotype.

TL;DR: Technical information on conventional and alternative drinking water treatment technologies for removal and inactivation of the protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium and Giardia is provided.

TL;DR: By estimating the proportion of the sheath tail of a larva comprised of a terminal thin whip-like filament, identification is aided, particularly in those L3 of species that resemble one another closely, such as Chabertia ovina and Oesophagostomum venulosum.

TL;DR: In this article, a novel system called FAMACHA was developed in South Africa, which enables clinical identification of anemic sheep and goats, which can be applied on the farm level to reduce the number of treatments administered, thereby increasing the proportion of the worm population in refugia.

TL;DR: The most effective drugs for treating microsporidiosis in humans currently include albendazole, which is effective against the Encephalitozoon species but not against Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and fumagillin, which has broader anti-microsporidia activity but is toxic in mammals, suggesting a need to identify better drugs as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: The highest prevalence of T. evansi infection was recorded in horses, although no neurological signs in infected horses were observed, and Diagnosis through standard parasitological tests and IFAT should be used with caution since they may overlook comprovedly infected horses.

TL;DR: The findings of the present study show that the highest reliability of the McMaster technique for estimating faecal egg counts in faeces from pastured sheep is obtained when using flotation solutions based on sucrose for GI strongyles, and potassium iodomercurate for D. dendriticum.

TL;DR: Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii was tested for in 585 cats in different regions of Spain and was significantly higher in stray groups than in household cats, higher in adult cats than in juvenile cats, and higher in male stray Cats than in female stray cats.

TL;DR: The prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs presented to the Veterinary Policlinic of the University of Zulia (PVU) was measured between January and December 2001 and there was a significantly (P < 0.05) greater prevalence of parasites in mixed-breed dogs as compared with pure-Breed dogs.

TL;DR: Fumigation tests with adult D. gallinae at 0.28 mgcm-2, cade, clove bud, coriander, horseradish and mustard oils were more effective in closed containers than in open ones, indicating that the effect of these essential oils was largely due to action in the vapour phase.

TL;DR: The prevalence of Babesia infections in domestic dogs in South Africa was studied using reverse line blot hybridization and 18S sequence analysis and B. c.

TL;DR: Blastocystis infections have a worldwide distribution but prevalence is highest in areas with poor hygiene and deficient sanitation services and facilities, and its pathogenicity, life cycle, and function of certain organelles continue to baffle investigators.

TL;DR: It can be concluded that under Swedish sheep farming conditions, H. contortus has evolved to survive the long, cold winters entirely within the host as the arrested larval stage, relying on the lambing ewe to complete its life cycle.

TL;DR: Immunophenotyping of lymphocytes from lymph nodes and spleen sections displayed alterations in IgG, IgM, CD3+ and CD8+ cells population in infected dogs, and the main lesions were lymphoreticular hyperplasia and centrolobular fatty degeneration of the liver.

TL;DR: A PCR-linked restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay was established for the unequivocal delineation of the Fasciola spp.

TL;DR: Simple analytical models of tick- and tsetse-borne diseases suggest that reducing the abundance of ticks, by treating cattle with pyrethroids for example, can have a variety of effects on tick-borne disease.

TL;DR: These guidelines have been written to aid in the design, implementation and interpretation of studies for the assessment of drug efficacy against Eimeria species in chickens and turkeys and facilitate the world-wide adoption of standard procedures.

TL;DR: Molecular characterization of isolates of Giardia and C. parvum recovered from calves demonstrated that only the occurrence Cryptosporidium represents a public health risk in terms of the potential for zoonotic transmission.

TL;DR: Serum samples from 597 sheep from Sao Paulo State, in the southeastern region of Brazil, were tested to determine the prevalence of antibodies directed against Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), and an association between seroprevalence and age was observed.

TL;DR: The roles free-living amebae and the parasitic protozoa Entamoeba histolytica and Balantidium coli play as agents of waterborne zoonotic diseases are examined, as are diagnostic procedures, anti-microbial interventions, and the influence of globalization, climate change, and technological advances on their spread.

TL;DR: The molecular characterization of a large Babesia species that was detected in the blood and bone marrow of a dog with clinical and hematological abnormalities consistent with babesiosis is described.

TL;DR: Mechanical transmission of T. vivax by A. fuscipes was demonstrated unequivocally in close to natural conditions, at a high rate (75% incidence over a 20-day period) under a mean challenge of 54 insects per heifer per day.

TL;DR: Two Theileria genotypes sharing 96.8% similarity between their 18S rRNA gene sequences and two Babesia genotypes share 97.4% similarity, were identified and the biologic meaning of such genotypes is discussed in terms of their phylogenetic relationships and potential pathogenicity.

TL;DR: The identification of cattle, horse, and deer isolates emphasizes a transmission route for C. parvum via these hosts, and identifies a potential source for human infection in the Czech Republic.

TL;DR: While a majority of the calves were infected with a genotype that is not known to be infectious for humans, calves on 7 of 14 farms did harbor Assemblage A Giardia, which should be considered as a potential source of human infectious cysts in the environment.

TL;DR: The results suggest that, independently from the presence or not of cutaneous lesions, skin biopsy represents a good substratum for PCR-based diagnosis and follow-up of canine visceral leishmaniosis.

TL;DR: In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to determine possible direct anthelmintic effects of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of K. senegalensis towards different ovine gastrointestinal nematode.