Showing papers in "Virus Research in 2010"

TL;DR: Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) infections have been reported around the world and are associated with high mortalities of the Pacific oyster, and analyses of oyster samples collected during mortality outbreaks suggest that OsHv-1 microVar can be assumed as an emergent genotype.

TL;DR: The continued characterization of the nsps of the arterivirus prototype equine arteritis virus has not only corroborated several important functional predictions, but also revealed various novel features of arteriviral replication.

TL;DR: This review focused on the evolutionary and epidemiological aspects of PRRSV from a phylogenetic perspective, and summarized the results from previous recombination studies to assess the potential impact of recombination on the virus epidemiology.

TL;DR: Various hypotheses that might account for rapid expansion and diversification ofPRRSV are explored, including mechanisms specific to PRRSV and other arteriviruses, cellular modification processes, and immunological selection.

TL;DR: The history of PRRS, the epidemic of atypical PRRS caused by the highly pathogenic virus, and the molecular characteristics of the Chinesehighly pathogenic PRRSV are reviewed, as well as the development of vaccines against PRRS in China are reviewed.

TL;DR: Cryo-electron tomographic studies have shown the three-dimensional organization of the PRRSV virion and suggest that the viral nucleocapsid has an asymmetric, linear arrangement, rather than the isometric core previously described, which reveals a closer structural relationship between arteri- and coronaviruses than previously anticipated.

TL;DR: This paper provides a brief historical review of PRRS and the associated PRRSV, and presents areas of research gaps that inhibit current progress towards PRRS elimination through production of effective vaccines and current plans forPRRS elimination or eradication programs.

TL;DR: A voluntary regional program to involve all herds present within an area that has been relatively successful and reflects local leadership, a cooperative spirit, and a will to eliminate virus from the region is considered.

TL;DR: This review proposes a system for classifying virus–virus interactions by organizing them into three main categories: direct interactions of viral genes or gene products, indirect interactions that result from alterations in the host environment, and immunological interactions.

TL;DR: Genetic distances and phylogenetic reconstructions demonstrated that SHIBV cannot be identified with any of the existing species, but should be considered an independent species within phylogroup II of the Lyssavirus genus, most similar to Lagos bat virus (LBV).

TL;DR: Current knowledge on the virus's immunobiology will be discussed including: role of viral receptors, innate immune response to the virus, regulation of the immune response by PRRSV, and the characteristics and role of adaptive immunity.

TL;DR: The current understanding of the role of viral proteins in modulating the host innate immune responses is described, and blocking against virus-mediated inhibition of the innate response may lead to the future development of effective vaccines.

TL;DR: Kim et al. as discussed by the authors determined the complete nucleotide sequences of the spike (S) glycoprotein genes of seven Korean PEDV isolates and found that the entire S genes of all isolates were found to be nine nucleotides longer in length than other reference strains.

TL;DR: An analysis of the Burewala strain is conducted and it is shown that, contrary to the earlier (Multan) strain, it consists of a single begomovirus, which is proposed to be a new recombinant species, consisting of sequences derived from two of the viruses associated with the first epidemic.

TL;DR: The recent advances in anti-PRRSV immunity and vaccinology are discussed, the recent progresses in PRRSV vaccine development particularly the reverse genetics system-based vaccine development is discussed, and a perspective on potential novel strategies and approaches that may be applicable to the development of the next generation of PR RSV vaccines is provided.

TL;DR: The results of this experiment suggest that individually-penned oral fluid sampling could be an efficient, cost-effective approach to PRRSV surveillance in boar studs and other swine populations.

TL;DR: A structure-based prediction of amino acid sequences involved in PRRSV interaction is proposed, and a brief review of current knowledge regarding CD163 in relation toPRRSV infection is provided.

TL;DR: A multiple viral infection in Swedish pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome might be due to synergistic effects of different viruses acting together, indicating the simultaneous presence of several viruses in this disease complex.

TL;DR: It is proposed that removal or reduction of the PRRSV-induced, negative immunomodulatory effects especially during the first 2 weeks following infection is essential to establish proper anti-PRRSV immunity.

TL;DR: This work is the first to demonstrate that nuclear localization of DENV C is required for DAXX interaction and apoptosis, and indicates that (73)KK and (85)RK ofDENV C are important for its nuclear localization, interaction with DAXX and induction of apoptosis.

TL;DR: A production region model was used to evaluate meteorological risk factors associated with the presence of each pathogen in air as well as the ability of mechanical and antimicrobial filters to protect susceptible populations against PRRSV and M hyo and provides a better understanding of the aerobiology of two important diseases of pigs.

TL;DR: Genomic studies should have substantial impact for the pig industry since it is now possible to include the use of biomarkers for basic health traits alongside broader set of markers utilized for selection of pigs for improved performance and reproductive traits, as well as pork quality.

TL;DR: Diagnostic routines to screen germplasm bank material for geminiviruses by the rapid and reliable RCA/RFLP as the technique of choice are proposed.

TL;DR: Data support the notion that the immunocompetent fetus is capable of initiating an antiviral response, which is compartmentalized within the infected fetus, and suggest fetal pathology may not be a direct result of virus replication in the fetus.

TL;DR: Alphavirus vectors have been successfully used as vaccines to induce protective and therapeutic immune responses against many tumor-associated antigens in animal models of mastocytoma, melanoma, mammary, prostate, and virally induced tumors.

TL;DR: The global transcriptional profile of host genes in the silkworm cell line during the early phase of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection was analyzed and it was confirmed that the expression of 13 genes significantly increased and 7 genes significantly decreased after Bm NPV infection.

TL;DR: Although the TEV cDNA in these three new plasmids is not interrupted by any exogenous sequence, they are more stable than the parental pTEV7DA during propagation in E. coli, indicating a major contribution of the plasmid context in virus cDNA stability.

TL;DR: Infected fish displayed typical histopathological symptoms of ISKNV-infected fish and died, indicating that the mandarinfish is an ideal model for further study of megalocytivirus-host interactions, molecular mechanisms of viral infection and pathogenesis.

TL;DR: Cluster analysis reveals that the majority of the members of a clade have similar codon usage and nucleotide composition, but with some notable exception, and phylogenetic analysis indicates that codonusage of the viruses cannot be explicitly tied to their species evolution.

TL;DR: Findings show TCTV to be a highly divergent geminivirus with similarities to viruses of the genus curtovirus, and the taxonomic implications are discussed.