A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7
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TLDR
In this article, a 7-item anxiety scale (GAD-7) had good reliability, as well as criterion, construct, factorial, and procedural validity, and increasing scores on the scale were strongly associated with multiple domains of functional impairment.Abstract:
Background Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common mental disorders; however, there is no brief clinical measure for assessing GAD. The objective of this study was to develop a brief self-report scale to identify probable cases of GAD and evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods A criterion-standard study was performed in 15 primary care clinics in the United States from November 2004 through June 2005. Of a total of 2740 adult patients completing a study questionnaire, 965 patients had a telephone interview with a mental health professional within 1 week. For criterion and construct validity, GAD self-report scale diagnoses were compared with independent diagnoses made by mental health professionals; functional status measures; disability days; and health care use. Results A 7-item anxiety scale (GAD-7) had good reliability, as well as criterion, construct, factorial, and procedural validity. A cut point was identified that optimized sensitivity (89%) and specificity (82%). Increasing scores on the scale were strongly associated with multiple domains of functional impairment (all 6 Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey scales and disability days). Although GAD and depression symptoms frequently co-occurred, factor analysis confirmed them as distinct dimensions. Moreover, GAD and depression symptoms had differing but independent effects on functional impairment and disability. There was good agreement between self-report and interviewer-administered versions of the scale. Conclusion The GAD-7 is a valid and efficient tool for screening for GAD and assessing its severity in clinical practice and research.read more
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The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder: Signal detection and validation.
Sarah A. Mossman,Marissa J. Luft,Heidi K. Schroeder,Sara T. Varney,David E. Fleck,Drew H. Barzman,Richard Gilman,Melissa P. DelBello,Jeffrey R. Strawn +8 more
TL;DR: The GAD-7 is associated with acceptable specificity and sensitivity for detecting clinically significant anxiety symptoms and may be more efficient than the PARS.
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Sensitivity to change and minimal clinically important difference of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7)
Anne Toussaint,Paul Hüsing,Antje Gumz,Katja Wingenfeld,Martin Härter,Elisabeth Schramm,Bernd Löwe +6 more
TL;DR: Results show that the Gad-7 is sensitive to detect change in psychopathology over the course of treatment, and further investigation of the GAD-7 in populations and trials focusing on anxiety-specific treatment is highly recommended.
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Establishing a common metric for self-reported anxiety: linking the MASQ, PANAS, and GAD-7 to PROMIS Anxiety.
TL;DR: This work produced cross-walk tables linking three popular "legacy" anxiety instruments to the anxiety metric of the NIH Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS(®)).
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