A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
In this article, a 7-item anxiety scale (GAD-7) had good reliability, as well as criterion, construct, factorial, and procedural validity, and increasing scores on the scale were strongly associated with multiple domains of functional impairment.Abstract:
Background Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common mental disorders; however, there is no brief clinical measure for assessing GAD. The objective of this study was to develop a brief self-report scale to identify probable cases of GAD and evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods A criterion-standard study was performed in 15 primary care clinics in the United States from November 2004 through June 2005. Of a total of 2740 adult patients completing a study questionnaire, 965 patients had a telephone interview with a mental health professional within 1 week. For criterion and construct validity, GAD self-report scale diagnoses were compared with independent diagnoses made by mental health professionals; functional status measures; disability days; and health care use. Results A 7-item anxiety scale (GAD-7) had good reliability, as well as criterion, construct, factorial, and procedural validity. A cut point was identified that optimized sensitivity (89%) and specificity (82%). Increasing scores on the scale were strongly associated with multiple domains of functional impairment (all 6 Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey scales and disability days). Although GAD and depression symptoms frequently co-occurred, factor analysis confirmed them as distinct dimensions. Moreover, GAD and depression symptoms had differing but independent effects on functional impairment and disability. There was good agreement between self-report and interviewer-administered versions of the scale. Conclusion The GAD-7 is a valid and efficient tool for screening for GAD and assessing its severity in clinical practice and research.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The burden of loneliness: Implications of the social determinants of health during COVID-19.
TL;DR: Young females, individuals with lower income, and those living alone as experiencing greater loneliness and mental health challenges during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada are identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
A systematic review on the therapeutic effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation for the treatment of anxiety disorders
Carmelo M. Vicario,Carmelo M. Vicario,Mohammad Ali Salehinejad,Kim L Felmingham,Gabriella Martino,Michael A. Nitsche +5 more
TL;DR: Overall, this work provides preliminary evidence that both, excitatory stimulation of the left prefrontal cortex and inhibitorystimulation of the right prefrontal cortex can reduce symptom severity in anxiety disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
The mental health of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey in the UK
Tianhua Chen,Mike Lucock +1 more
TL;DR: Higher levels of distress were associated with lower levels of exercising, higher levels of tobacco use, and a number of life events associated with the pandemic and lockdown, such as cancelled events, worsening in personal relationships and financial concerns.
Journal ArticleDOI
Daily longitudinal self-monitoring of mood variability in bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder
Athanasios Tsanas,Kate E. A. Saunders,Amy C. Bilderbeck,Niclas Palmius,Maxim Osipov,Gari D. Clifford,Gari D. Clifford,G.Μ. Goodwin,M. De Vos +8 more
TL;DR: Analysis of MZ variability can differentiate BD and BPD which was not hitherto possible using the weekly questionnaires, and could be used for efficient, long-term, effective daily monitoring of mood instability in clinical psychiatric practice.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection.
John E. Ware,Cathy D. Sherbourne +1 more
TL;DR: A 36-item short-form survey designed for use in clinical practice and research, health policy evaluations, and general population surveys to survey health status in the Medical Outcomes Study is constructed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure.
TL;DR: In addition to making criteria-based diagnoses of depressive disorders, the PHQ-9 is also a reliable and valid measure of depression severity, which makes it a useful clinical and research tool.
Journal ArticleDOI
An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties.
TL;DR: Un nouvel inventaire auto-administre destine a mesurer l'anxiete pathologique, le «Beck Anxiety Cheklist» (BAI) est decrit, evalue et compare au «Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale» (test avec lequel des correlations moderees sont trouvees).
Journal ArticleDOI
The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: An updated literature review
TL;DR: HADS was found to perform well in assessing the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and depression in both somatic, psychiatric and primary care patients and in the general population.