A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7
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In this article, a 7-item anxiety scale (GAD-7) had good reliability, as well as criterion, construct, factorial, and procedural validity, and increasing scores on the scale were strongly associated with multiple domains of functional impairment.Abstract:
Background Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common mental disorders; however, there is no brief clinical measure for assessing GAD. The objective of this study was to develop a brief self-report scale to identify probable cases of GAD and evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods A criterion-standard study was performed in 15 primary care clinics in the United States from November 2004 through June 2005. Of a total of 2740 adult patients completing a study questionnaire, 965 patients had a telephone interview with a mental health professional within 1 week. For criterion and construct validity, GAD self-report scale diagnoses were compared with independent diagnoses made by mental health professionals; functional status measures; disability days; and health care use. Results A 7-item anxiety scale (GAD-7) had good reliability, as well as criterion, construct, factorial, and procedural validity. A cut point was identified that optimized sensitivity (89%) and specificity (82%). Increasing scores on the scale were strongly associated with multiple domains of functional impairment (all 6 Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey scales and disability days). Although GAD and depression symptoms frequently co-occurred, factor analysis confirmed them as distinct dimensions. Moreover, GAD and depression symptoms had differing but independent effects on functional impairment and disability. There was good agreement between self-report and interviewer-administered versions of the scale. Conclusion The GAD-7 is a valid and efficient tool for screening for GAD and assessing its severity in clinical practice and research.read more
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Network analysis of depression and anxiety symptom relationships in a psychiatric sample.
Courtney Beard,Alex J. Millner,Marie J. C. Forgeard,Eiko I. Fried,Kean J. Hsu,Michael T. Treadway,Chelsea Leonard,Sarah J. Kertz,Thröstur Björgvinsson +8 more
TL;DR: Exining depression and anxiety symptoms as dynamic systems may provide novel insights into the maintenance of these mental health problems.
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Cultural adaptation into Spanish of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale as a screening tool
Javier García-Campayo,Enric Zamorano,Miguel A. Ruiz,Antonio Pardo,Maria Perez-Paramo,V. López-Gómez,Olga Freire,Javier Rejas +7 more
TL;DR: The cultural adaptation into Spanish of the 7-item self-administered GAD-7 scale, which is used to identify probable patients with GAD, was carried out and the validity of its content and the relevance and adequacy of items in the Spanish cultural context were confirmed.
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