Open AccessJournal Article
A Century of Research on the Amoeboflagellate Genus Naegleria
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TLDR
The state of affairs concerning species designation based on phylogeny in the genus Acanthamoeba, another free-living amoeba with species pathogenic to man, is discussed and two lineages are discussed and identified as separate species.Abstract:
Summary. The amoeboflagellate genus Naegleria contains pathogenic and nonpathogenic species. As most species are morphologically indistinguishable, species are defined and identified by molecular methods. For routine identification, isoenzyme analyses are performed. For the description of a new species, sequences of ribosomal DNA are increasingly used and the analyses of these sequences also allow us to define the phylogenetic relationships between species and strains. In the present monograph 27 Naegleria lineages are discussed and identified as separate species. Using molecular methods, Naegleria spp. have been identified which either form dividing flagellates or which do not form flagellates at all, thus contradicting the accepted definition of the genus. Willaertia, which forms dividing flagellates, is the genus that is the closest relative of the genus Naegleria. The genus Naegleria has some particularities in its molecular biology, such as circular ribosomal DNA plasmids, group I introns in the small and large subunit ribosomal DNA, and an unusual pyrophosphate-dependant phosphofructokinase. The phylogeny of the Naegleria spp. is compared to the situation concerning the other genera of the familyVahlkampfiidae. Also discussed is the state of affairs concerning species designation based on phylogeny in the genus Acanthamoeba, another free-living amoeba with species pathogenic to man.read more
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Acanthamoeba: biology and increasing importance in human health
TL;DR: The current understanding of the burden of Acanthamoeba infections on human health, their pathogenesis and pathophysiology, and molecular mechanisms associated with the disease are presented, as well as virulence traits of AcanthamoebA that may be targets for therapeutic interventions and/or the development of preventative measures are presented.
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Free-living amoebae as opportunistic and non-opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals.
TL;DR: This review presents information about the individual amoebae: their morphologies and life-cycles, laboratory cultivation, ecology, epidemiology, nature of the infections and appropriate antimicrobial therapies, the immune response, and molecular diagnostic procedures that have been developed for identification of the amoEBae in the environment and in clinical specimens.
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Biogeography and Dispersal of Micro-organisms: A Review Emphasizing Protists
TL;DR: This review summarizes data on the biogeography and dispersal of bacteria, microfungi and selected protists, such as dinoflagellates, chrysophytes, testate amoebae, and ciliates and introduces the restricted distribution and disperseal of mosses, ferns and macrofunga as arguments into the discussion on the postulated cosmopolitism and ubiquity of protists.
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Biology and pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba
TL;DR: Acanthamoeba is a free-living protist pathogen, capable of causing a blinding keratitis and fatal granulomatous encephalitis, and is used as a Trojan horse of other microbes including viral, bacterial, protists and yeast pathogens.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Genome of Naegleria gruberi Illuminates Early Eukaryotic Versatility
Lillian K. Fritz-Laylin,Simon E. Prochnik,Michael L. Ginger,Joel B. Dacks,Joel B. Dacks,Meredith L. Carpenter,Mark C. Field,Alan Kuo,Alexander R. Paredez,Jarrod Chapman,Jonathan K Pham,Shengqiang Shu,Rochak Neupane,Michael J. Cipriano,Joel Mancuso,Hank Tu,Asaf Salamov,Erika Lindquist,Harris Shapiro,Susan Lucas,Igor V. Grigoriev,W. Zacheus Cande,Chandler Fulton,Daniel S. Rokhsar,Daniel S. Rokhsar,Scott C. Dawson +25 more
TL;DR: The Naegleria genome facilitates substantially broader phylogenomic comparisons of free-living eukaryotes than previously possible, allowing us to identify thousands of genes likely present in the pan-eukaryotic ancestor, with 40% likely eukARYotic inventions.
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TL;DR: Amebas belonging to the genera Naegleria, Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia are free‐living, amphizoic and opportunistic protozoa that are ubiquitous in nature.
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