Journal ArticleDOI
A Comprehensive Approach for Quantitative Lignin Characterization by NMR Spectroscopy
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Comparison of the calculated results with known databases on spruce MWL structure shows that the suggested approach is rather informative and comparable with the information obtained from the combination of various wet chemistry methods.Abstract:
A detailed approach for the quantification of different lignin structures in milled wood lignin (MWL) has been suggested using a combination of NMR techniques. 1H−13C heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence and quantitative 13C NMR of nonacetylated and acetylated spruce MWL have been found to have a synergetic effect, resulting in significant progress in the characterization of lignin moieties by NMR. About 80% of side chain moieties, such as different β-O-4, dibenzodioxocin, phenylcoumaran, pinoresinol, and others, have been identified on the structural level. The presence of appreciable amounts of α-O-alkyl and γ-O-alkyl ethers has been suggested. Although the quantification of various condensed moieties was less precise than for side chain structures, reliable information can be obtained. Comparison of the calculated results with known databases on spruce MWL structure shows that the suggested approach is rather informative and comparable with the information obtained from the combination of various w...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Catalytic Valorization of Lignin for the Production of Renewable Chemicals
TL;DR: Biomass is an important feedstock for the renewable production of fuels, chemicals, and energy, and it recently surpassed hydroelectric energy as the largest domestic source of renewable energy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inhibition of cellulase, xylanase and β-glucosidase activities by softwood lignin preparations
Alex Berlin,Mikhail Yu. Balakshin,Neil R. Gilkes,John F. Kadla,Vera Maximenko,Satoshi Kubo,John N. Saddler +6 more
TL;DR: This study examines the inhibition of seven cellulase preparations, three xylanase preparations and a beta-glucosidase preparation by two purified, particulate lignin preparations derived from softwood using an organosolv pretreatment process followed by enzymatic hydrolysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Poplar as a feedstock for biofuels: A review of compositional characteristics
TL;DR: In this article, the composition of the key chemical constituents of hybrid poplar species used for bio-fuels is reviewed, with emphasis on lignin struc- ture.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent advances in low‐cost carbon fiber manufacture from lignin
Darren A. Baker,Timothy G. Rials +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide the context of subject matter importance, a cost comparison of potential low-cost carbon fibers, a brief review of historical work, a review of more recent work, and a limited technical discussion followed by recommendations for future directions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent Advances in Characterization of Lignin Polymer by Solution-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Methodology.
TL;DR: The demand for efficient utilization of biomass induces a detailed analysis of the fundamental chemical structures of biomass, especially the complex structures of lignin polymers, which have long been recognized for their negative impact on biorefinery.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Lignin chemistry—past, present and future
TL;DR: Later development, beginning with the dehydrogenation theory and experimental studies on the de-hydrogenative polymerization of p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols, is reviewed in this article.
Book
Constitution and Biosynthesis of Lignin
TL;DR: This book will help you to understand the constitution and biosynthesis of lignin book much better and the system of this book of course will be much easier.
Journal Article
Studies on finely divided wood. Part 1. Extraction of lignin with neutral solvents
TL;DR: In this paper, it was found that by grinding wood, dispersed in a non-swelling liquid, in a vibrational ball mill, it is possible to extract 50per thousand or more of the lignin from spruce (Picea excelsa ), providing the charge to the mill is small enough.
Journal ArticleDOI
Abnormal Lignin in a Loblolly Pine Mutant
John Ralph,John MacKay,Ronald D. Hatfield,David M. O'Malley,Ross W. Whetten,Ronald R. Sederoff +5 more
TL;DR: Novel lignin is formed in a mutant loblolly pine severely depleted in cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, which converts coniferaldehyde to coniferyl alcohol, the primary lignIn precursor in pines.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantitative 2D HSQC (Q-HSQC) via suppression of J-dependence of polarization transfer in NMR spectroscopy: application to wood lignin.
TL;DR: The Q-HSQC approach is developed for the quantitative analysis of wood lignin, a complex polymer where it has been difficult to obtain reliable data on the relative amounts of different structural units.