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Journal ArticleDOI

A mathematical theory of communication

Claude E. Shannon
- 01 Jul 1948 - 
- Vol. 27, Iss: 3, pp 379-423
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TLDR
This final installment of the paper considers the case where the signals or the messages or both are continuously variable, in contrast with the discrete nature assumed until now.
Abstract
In this final installment of the paper we consider the case where the signals or the messages or both are continuously variable, in contrast with the discrete nature assumed until now. To a considerable extent the continuous case can be obtained through a limiting process from the discrete case by dividing the continuum of messages and signals into a large but finite number of small regions and calculating the various parameters involved on a discrete basis. As the size of the regions is decreased these parameters in general approach as limits the proper values for the continuous case. There are, however, a few new effects that appear and also a general change of emphasis in the direction of specialization of the general results to particular cases.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Experimental support for a resource-based mechanistic model of invasibility

TL;DR: It is found that fluctuations in resource availability had a large impact on plant invasion success (survival and percentage cover), including up to 1 year following the fluctuations, suggesting that resource availability may serve as a unifying concept that can integrate earlier ideas regarding invasibility.
Proceedings Article

A Revolution: Belief Propagation in Graphs with Cycles

TL;DR: Until recently, artificial intelligence researchers have frowned upon the application of probability propagation in Bayesian belief networks that have cycles, but it has recently been discovered that the two best error-correcting decoding algorithms are actually performing probability propagation with cycles.
Journal ArticleDOI

Effects of eutrophication on reef-building corals. III: Reproduction of the reef-building coral Porites porites

TL;DR: The sexual reproduction of Porites porites (Pallas), a shallow water hermatypic coral, was studied over a one-year period (June, 1982 to June, 1983) on three fringing reef complexes lying along an eutrophication gradient on the west coast of Barbados, West Indies as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI

Distributed compression-estimation using wireless sensor networks

TL;DR: It is proved theoretically, and corroborated with examples, that when the noise distributions are either completely known, partially known or completely unknown, distributed estimation is possible with minimal bandwidth requirements which can achieve the same order of mean square error (MSE) performance as the corresponding centralized clairvoyant estimators.
Journal ArticleDOI

Sequence variability analysis of human class I and class II MHC molecules: functional and structural correlates of amino acid polymorphisms.

TL;DR: Polymorphisms (V>1) have been identified in residues that contact the peptide and/or T-cell receptor (TCR) and are discussed in the context of TCR restriction and alloreactivity.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Transmission of information

TL;DR: In this article, a quantitative measure of information is developed which is based on physical as contrasted with psychological considerations, and how the rate of transmission of this information over a system is limited by the distortion resulting from storage of energy is discussed from the transient viewpoint.
Journal ArticleDOI

Certain factors affecting telegraph speed

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the wave shape depends somewhat on the type of circuit over which intelligence is to be transmitted and that for most cases the optimum wave is neither rectangular nor a half cycle sine wave as is frequently used but a wave of special form produced by sending a simple rectangular wave through a suitable network.