Q2. What is the advantage of the proposed architecture?
One of the advantages of the proposed architecture is 664 the freedom to add additional devices and tariffs without mod- 665 ifying the existing code.
Q3. What are the main outputs of the de- 84 vices?
282 Released/absorbed power [kWe] and the SOC [%] profile over283 the selected time horizon are the two main outputs of these de-284 vices.
Q4. How many hours of the day can the re-818 quired DSM be achieved?
As the 817CHP does not have a sufficiently large nominal power, the re-818 quired DSM cannot be achieved ∀ i ∈ [49,96] but only during819 the central hours of the day (12:00 - 15:00, i.e. i ∈ [49,61])820 when also PV can generate electrical power.
Q5. What is the computa- 249 efficiency of the developed tool?
The computa- 249 tional efficiency of the developed tool is that, in principle, for 250 typical HRES it can be re-run at each time step similarly to an 251 MPC.
Q6. How do they use a model predictive controller?
En- 137 yard et al. [12] use a model predictive controller (MPC) to com- 138 mand the flow of water passing through a storage tank, the wood 139 boiler setpoint temperature to reduce CO2 emissions and oper- 140 ating cost of a boiler system.
Q7. What is the general for-265 for the electrical power production of the k-th generator?
The general for-265 mula for the electrical power production of the k-th generator266 is:267G(k, i) = φ1(k, i)α(k, i) (2)where φ1 formulation depends on the specific generator.
Q8. What is the default value of the SLP algorithm?
The SLP algorithm is 564 described in Algorithm 1, in which default parameters are: ε = 565 10−6, ε f = 10−2, ρbad = 0.10 and ρgood = 0.75.
Q9. What is the general formula for the electrical power consumption of a m-th load?
The general formula for the electrical power consumption of305 the m-th electric load is:306C(m, i) = fL(γ(m, i), i) (6)where fL depends on the load type and γ is the setpoint for the307 time-varying loads.
Q10. What is the general formula for the electrical power produced by the b-th accumulator?
The general formula for the electrical power produc-286 tion/absorption of the b-th accumulator is:287A(b, i) = ψ1(b, i)η1(b, i)β (b, i) (4)where ψ1 formulation depends on the battery nominal power288 and η1 is the accumulator power exchange efficiency.
Q11. What is the penalty parameter for the nonlinear optimization problem?
At each 533 iteration, for a given µ , the authors make an attempt to solve the fol- 534 lowing nonsmooth NLP optimization problem, with bound con- 535 straints only: 536min x Φ(x; µ) (23a)subject to 537xmin ≤ x≤ xmax (23b)The penalty parameter µ is chosen large and increased if nec- 538 essary to promote feasible iterates.
Q12. What is the implementation of the optimizer?
Software implementation 648The optimizer is implemented in C++ and compiled for both 649 32-bit and 64-bit Windows platforms using Microsoft Visual 650 Studio Express 2012.
Q13. What is the value of the trust region of the x vari- 601 ables?
If these constraints do not hold, the behavior of the constraint 600 functions is too nonlinear and the trust region (of the x vari- 601 ables) should be reduced.
Q14. What are the incentives for generation from renewable sources?
The 397 incentives for generation from renewable sources apply when 398 the HRES is composed by renewable generators of same type, 399 i.e. only PV or WT or biomass burning generators (BM), and 400 electrical loads.
Q15. What is the value of the input in a fuel burning generator?
Any other quantity in each device model is 215 calculated from these setpoints: for instance, in a fuel burning 216 electrical generator, the device input is the ratio between gen- 217 erated power and nominal power, while fuel consumption and 218 generated power are outputs of the device model.
Q16. What is the way to schedule the power flow?
Considering demand side management, an optimal con- 158 trol method (open loop) is developed to schedule the HRES 159 power flow over 24 h.
Q17. What is the correlation for fuel consumption for a generator?
For268 fuel burning generators the correlation for fuel consumption is:269270F(k, i) = G(k, i)LHV (k)ηe(k, i) (3)where LHV is the lower heating value and ηe is the electrical271 efficiency.
Q18. what is the fuel consumption cost for elec 392 trical generators?
The fuel consumption cost for elec- 392 trical generators, HOT and COLD configurations is expressed 393 as: 394fF(i) = ∑ k∈K cF(k)τF(k, i) (10)where F(k, i) is the fuel rate [kg/h] (at the i-th time step and for 395 the k-th generator) and cF(k) is its unit price [e/kg].