Journal ArticleDOI
Acute effects of synthetic cannabinoids: Update 2015
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
It was showed that the use of these substances may cause minor and moderate side effects similar to those of cannabis intoxication, including tachycardia, nausea, somnolence, hallucinations, paranoia, xerostomia, and injected conjunctivae among others.Abstract:
Background: Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States and Europe. In recent years, a range of new substances with cannabis-like effects—known as synthetic cannabinoids (SCs)—have suddenly burst on the drug scene. However, there is limited information about the clinical hazards linked to the use of these emerging substances. This review summarizes the literature to date relating the health effects of SCs. Method: A systematic literature review of original case studies was performed using PubMed and Web of Science (January 1980–July 2015). Only articles in which a drug screening was reported were included in this review. Results: Forty-six articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included in this review, reporting data on 114 patients who went to hospital emergency departments after exposure to SCs. The majority of patients were adolescent or young adult males (14–25 years; 24.5 ± 10.1 years). The most common route of administration was smoking. The SCs most involved wer...read more
Citations
More filters
Book ChapterDOI
Synthetic drugs of abuse.
TL;DR: These drugs are not detectable by traditional drug screening, and thus, these substances are mainly abused by young individuals and others who wish to avoid drug detection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Acute Pharmacological Effects and Oral Fluid Concentrations of the Synthetic Cannabinoids JWH-122 and JWH-210 in Humans After Self-Administration: An Observational Study.
L. Martínez,Nunzia La Maida,Esther Papaseit,Clara Pérez-Mañá,Lourdes Poyatos,Manuela Pellegrini,Simona Pichini,Mireia Ventura,Liliana Galindo,Francesco Paolo Busardò,Magí Farré +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the acute pharmacological effects of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) were evaluated in a 4-h observational study, and assess their disposition in oral fluid, which demonstrated a different pattern of effects of these two SCs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Urinary Metabolite Biomarkers for the Detection of Synthetic Cannabinoid ADB-BUTINACA Abuse.
Chi Hon Sia,Ziteng Wang,Evelyn Mei Ling Goh,Yen Li Tan,Ching Yee Fong,Hooi Yan Moy,Eric Chun Yong Chan +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a panel of urinary metabolite biomarkers of ButinACA was curated by coupling in vitro metabolism and authentic urine analyses, which demonstrated greater metabolic stability compared to ADB-BUTINACA.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analytical Methodologies for the Characterization and Analysis of the Parent Compound and Phase I Metabolites of 4F-MDMB-BICA in Human Microsome, Urine, and Blood Samples.
TL;DR: In this paper, the identification of metabolites of 4F-MDMD-BICA after treatment with pooled human liver microsome (pHLM) and in human urine and blood samples using the combination of data obtained by comprehensive UHPLC-HRMS and semi-targeted UHP LCMS/MS methods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Suspected Synthetic Cannabinomimetic Intoxication: Case Series and Review.
TL;DR: Clinicians need to be prepared to identify and treat symptoms of SC intoxication as incidents of toxicity continue to rise and recent legislation has failed to curb the public health concerns emanating from SC misuse.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin
TL;DR: This review focuses on the manner with which three of these compounds, (−)‐trans‐Δ 9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC), (−]‐cannabidiol (CBD) and (−)-trans‐ Δ9‐TetrahYDrocannabivarin (Γ‐THCV), interact with cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adverse health effects of non-medical cannabis use
Wayne Hall,Louisa Degenhardt +1 more
TL;DR: The most probable adverse effects include a dependence syndrome, increased risk of motor vehicle crashes, impaired respiratory function, cardiovascular disease, and adverse effects of regular use on adolescent psychosocial development and mental health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Poisoning Severity Score. Grading of Acute Poisoning
TL;DR: A Poisoning Severity Score has been developed and found applicable for grading the severity of poisoning and is intended to be an overall evaluation of the case, taking into account the most severe clinical features.
Journal ArticleDOI
'Spice' and other herbal blends: harmless incense or cannabinoid designer drugs?
Volker Auwärter,Sebastian Dresen,Wolfgang Weinmann,Michael Müller,Michael Pütz,Nerea Ferreirós +5 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Synthetic cannabinoids: Epidemiology, pharmacodynamics, and clinical implications
Marisol S. Castaneto,David A. Gorelick,Nathalie A. Desrosiers,Nathalie A. Desrosiers,Rebecca L. Hartman,Rebecca L. Hartman,Sandrine Pirard,Marilyn A. Huestis +7 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive review, based on a systematic electronic literature search, of SC epidemiology and pharmacology and their clinical implications is presented, showing in vitro and animal in vivo studies show SC pharmacological effects 2-100 times more potent than THC.