Adenylate cyclase mediates olfactory transduction for a wide variety of odorants
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TLDR
A strong positive correlation between the magnitude of adenylate cyclase stimulation and the summated electrical response of the olfactory epithelium (electro-olfactogram) evoked by individual odorants is reported.Abstract:
An odor-stimulated adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] is thought to mediate olfactory transduction in vertebrates. However, it is not known whether the adenylate cyclase serves this function for all odorants or for only certain classes of odorants. To investigate this question, we have compared the abilities of 35 odorants to stimulate the adenylate cyclase and to elicit an electrophysiological response. We report a strong positive correlation between the magnitude of adenylate cyclase stimulation and the summated electrical response of the olfactory epithelium (electro-olfactogram) evoked by individual odorants. We also show that the adenylate cyclase stimulator forskolin equally attenuates the electro-olfactogram response for all odorants tested. These data provide evidence that the adenylate cyclase mediates transduction for a wide variety of odorants.read more
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General Anosmia Caused by a Targeted Disruption of the Mouse Olfactory Cyclic Nucleotide–Gated Cation Channel
TL;DR: Using an electrophysiological assay, it is found that excitatory responses to both cAMP- and IP3-producing odorants are undetectable in knockout mice, suggesting that cAMP is the sole second messenger mediating this process.
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Transduction Mechanisms in Vertebrate Olfactory Receptor Cells
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TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the biophysical and electrophysiological evidence regarding the transduction processes as well as subsequent signal processing and spike generation in ORNs is presented.
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Disruption of the type III adenylyl cyclase gene leads to peripheral and behavioral anosmia in transgenic mice.
Scott T. Wong,Kien Trinh,Beth M. Hacker,Guy C.-K. Chan,Graeme Lowe,Anuj Gaggar,Zhengui Xia,Geoffrey H. Gold,Daniel R. Storm +8 more
TL;DR: Interestingly, electroolfactogram responses stimulated by either cAMP- or inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate- (IP3-) inducing odorants were completely ablated in AC3 mutants, despite the presence of AC2 and AC4 in olfactory cilia, indicating that AC3 and cAMP signaling are critical for olfaction-dependent behavior.
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Rapid kinetics of second messenger formation in olfactory transduction
TL;DR: An odorant-induced, transient accumulation of cyclic AMP in isolated olfactory cilia from rats, and the generation of inositol trisphosphate in antennal preparations from insects are reported, both of which show subsecond time courses that are sufficiently rapid to mediate the odorants-regulated permeability of o aroma receptor cells.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Olfactory adenylate cyclase of the rat. Stimulation by odorants and inhibition by Ca2
TL;DR: The level of cyclase activity found is sufficient to explain the speed of olfactory transduction, which occurs on a time scale of tens of milliseconds.
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