ADHD, Lifestyles and Comorbidities: A Call for an Holistic Perspective - from Medical to Societal Intervening Factors.
Simon Weissenberger,Radek Ptacek,Martina Klicperova-Baker,Andreja Erman,Katerina Schonova,Jiri Raboch,Michal Goetz +6 more
TLDR
Although ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder, its assessment and treatment are also linked to environmental, behavioral and social factors and their interactions.Abstract:
The review examines Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD in its Child and Adult form) and its various presentations (Hyperactive Impulsive, Inattentive, and Combined) with a particular focus on environmental (incl. social factors), lifestyles and comorbidities. It is argued that ADHD is best understood in a holistic and interactive context and a vast empirical literature is presented to illustrate the point: Environmental factors include stress in general as well as exposure to toxins (phthalates, bisphenol A). Social factors are illustrated by effects of social deprivation and seduction to unhealthy lifestyles. Maternal lifestyle during pregnancy is pointed out (particularly her exposure to nicotine, alcohol, caffeine, and drugs, even seemingly benign medications like acetaminophen), which all tend to be related to ADHD. Family environment is discussed with respect to protective effect of (mainly authoritative and autocratic) parenting styles. Societal factors include mainly economic and political issues: income inequality and poverty (low SES is an ADHD risk factor) and a growing moral dilemma between a humanistic effort to globally spread the knowledge of ADHD and the medicalization and commercialization of the disorder. The second part of the review is devoted to ADHD related lifestyles and resulting comorbidities (e.g., food addiction and obesity, substance abuse, electronic media dependencies and conduct and personality disorders). Although ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder, its assessment and treatment are also linked to environmental, behavioral and social factors and their interactions.read more
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Saliva oxytocin, cortisol, and testosterone levels in adolescent boys with autism spectrum disorder, oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder and typically developing individuals.
M.J. Bakker-Huvenaars,Corina U. Greven,Pierre C. M. Herpers,Evita C Wiegers,Anne F.M. Jansen,R. van der Steen,A.E. van Herwaarden,A.N. Baanders,Karin S. Nijhof,Floor Scheepers,Nanda Rommelse,Jeffrey C. Glennon,Jan K. Buitelaar +12 more
TL;DR: The current findings show that, regardless of cognitive ability or comorbid disorders, the diagnostic groups differ from each other by their hormonal levels, with the ASD group characterized by relative low level of oxytocin, and the ODD/CD group by a relative high level of testosterone.
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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and addictions (substance and behavioral): Prevalence and characteristics in a multicenter study in France.
Lucia Romo,Joël Ladner,Joël Ladner,Gayatri Kotbagi,Gayatri Kotbagi,Yannick Morvan,Yannick Morvan,Dalia Saleh,Dalia Saleh,Marie Pierre Tavolacci,Laurence Kern +10 more
TL;DR: Significant differences were found as students with ADHD were less likely to succeed in their studies and considered their academic level to be lower than non-ADHD students, and had significantly higher scores on substance as well as behavioral addictions.
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Co-occurring Addictive and Psychiatric Disorders.A Practice-Based Handbook from a European Perspective
Journal ArticleDOI
Therapeutic strategies for treating epilepsy during pregnancy.
Anna Whelehan,Norman Delanty +1 more
TL;DR: The authors advocate a multidisciplinary team approach to managing women with epilepsy so that pregnancies in such women can be well managed in an optimum and individualized fashion.
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Mini review: Socio-cultural influences on the link between ADHD and SUD
Ortal Slobodin,Cleo L. Crunelle +1 more
TL;DR: Identifying socio-cultural influences on the ADHD-SUD link may provide further insight into the bidirectional association between ADHD and SUD in different contexts and encourage future research in the field.
References
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The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: a large-scale cross-sectional study
Cecilie Schou Andreassen,Joël Billieux,Mark D. Griffiths,Daria J. Kuss,Zsolt Demetrovics,Elvis Mazzoni,Ståle Pallesen +6 more
TL;DR: The study significantly adds to the understanding of mental health symptoms and their role in addictive use of modern technology, and suggests that the concept of Internet use disorder (i.e., "Internet addiction") as a unified construct is not warranted.