African swine fever control and prevention: an update on vaccine development
TLDR
Abstract:
ABSTRACT African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal and highly contagious viral disease of domestic and wild pigs, listed as a notifiable disease reported to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Despite its limited host range and absent zoonotic potential, the socio-economic and environmental impact of ASF is very high, representing a serious threat to the global swine industry and the many stakeholders involved. Currently, only control and eradication measures based mainly on early detection and strict stamping-out policies are available, however, the rapid spread of the disease in new countries, and in new regions in countries already affected, show these strategies to be lacking. In this review, we discuss approaches to ASF vaccinology, with emphasis on the advances made over the last decade, including the development of virulence-associated gene deleted strains such as the very promising ASFV-G-ΔI177L/ΔLVR, that replicates efficiently in a stable porcine epithelial cell line, and the cross-protecting BA71ΔCD2 capable of stably growing in the commercial COS-1 cell line, or the naturally attenuated Lv17/WB/Rie1 which shows solid protection in wild boar. We also consider the key constraints involved in the scale-up and commercialization of promising live attenuated and virus-vectored vaccine candidates, namely cross-protection, safety, lack of suitable animal models, compatibility with wildlife immunization, availability of established and licensed cell lines, and differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) strategy. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTread more
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African Swine Fever Virus MGF110-7L Induces Host Cell Translation Suppression and Stress Granule Formation by Activating the PERK/PKR-eIF2α Pathway
Han Zhong,Shuai Fan,Yong-Kun Du,Yuhang Zhang,Angke Zhang,Dawei Jiang,Shichong Han,Bo Wan,Gaiping Zhang +8 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined how ASFV interacts with the eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) signaling axis, which directs host translation control and adaptation to cellular stress.
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African Swine Fever Modified Live Vaccine Candidates: Transitioning from Discovery to Product Development through Harmonized Standards and Guidelines
TL;DR: In this paper , a review summarizes the asymmetrical landscape of peer-reviewed published literature on African Swine Fever (ASF) vaccine approaches and lead candidates, primarily studied to date in the research laboratory in proof-of-concept or early feasibility clinical safety and efficacy studies.
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Entropy-driven dynamic self-assembled DNA dendrimers for colorimetric detection of African swine fever virus
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In vitro and in vivo antiviral activity of nucleoside analogue cHPMPC against African swine fever virus replication.
Leah V Goulding,Eleonora Kiss,Lynnette C. Goatley,Robert Vrancken,Nesya Goris,Linda K. Dixon +5 more
TL;DR: In this article , cyclic cidofovir (cHPMPC) was evaluated for its ability to inhibit replication of four different ASFV genotypes in primary porcine macrophages.
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Orally administered recombinant Lactobacillus expressing African swine fever virus antigens that induced immunity responses
TL;DR: In this article , the p30, p54, and p72 proteins encoded by ASFV were expressed using the Lactobacillus lactis (L. lactis) expression system.
References
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African Swine Fever virus. Brief review.
R C Wardley,C de M Andrade,D N Black,F L de Castro Portugal,L Enjuanes,W R Hess,C Mebus,A Ordas,D Rutili,J Sanchez Vizcaino,J. D. Vigário,P J Wilkinson,J. F. Moura Nunes,G Thomson +13 more
TL;DR: In 1921 MONTGOMerY reported that he had produced a fatal disease in pigs by inoculating extracts of various tissues taken from animals which had died from a condition which he named East African swine fever, which he showed was caused by a virus and that warthogs and bushpigs probably acted as natural carriers of the disease in Africa.
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African Swine Fever Virus Isolate, Georgia, 2007
Rebecca J. Rowlands,Vincent Michaud,Livio Heath,Geoff Hutchings,C.A.L. Oura,Wilna Vosloo,Rahana Dwarka,Tinatin Onashvili,Emmanuel Albina,Linda K. Dixon +9 more
TL;DR: The virus isolate introduced to the Caucasus in 2007 is closely related to a group of viruses, genotype II, circulating in Mozambique, Madagascar, and Zambia.
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African Swine Fever Epidemiology and Control
TL;DR: The epidemiology of African swine fever is reviewed in these different scenarios and methods used for control, and progress toward vaccine development and research priorities are discussed to better understand this complex disease and improve control.
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The non-haemadsorbing African swine fever virus isolate ASFV/NH/P68 provides a model for defining the protective anti-virus immune response.
Alexandre Leitão,Clara Cartaxeiro,Ricardo Coelho,Benedita Cruz,R. M. E. Parkhouse,Fernando C. Portugal,José D. Vigário,Carlos Martins +7 more
TL;DR: This infection model may provide new insights on mechanisms of protective immunity to ASFV and lymphoproliferative responses to the mitogens concanavalin A, phytohaemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen were not depressed in either of the two clinically defined groups of pigs.
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Neutralizing antibodies to African swine fever virus proteins p30, p54, and p72 are not sufficient for antibody-mediated protection.
TL;DR: Results indicate that neutralizing antibodies to these ASFV proteins are not sufficient for antibody-mediated protection.