Journal ArticleDOI
An Analysis of Transformations
George E. P. Box,David Cox +1 more
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In this article, Lindley et al. make the less restrictive assumption that such a normal, homoscedastic, linear model is appropriate after some suitable transformation has been applied to the y's.Abstract:
[Read at a RESEARCH METHODS MEETING of the SOCIETY, April 8th, 1964, Professor D. V. LINDLEY in the Chair] SUMMARY In the analysis of data it is often assumed that observations Yl, Y2, *-, Yn are independently normally distributed with constant variance and with expectations specified by a model linear in a set of parameters 0. In this paper we make the less restrictive assumption that such a normal, homoscedastic, linear model is appropriate after some suitable transformation has been applied to the y's. Inferences about the transformation and about the parameters of the linear model are made by computing the likelihood function and the relevant posterior distribution. The contributions of normality, homoscedasticity and additivity to the transformation are separated. The relation of the present methods to earlier procedures for finding transformations is discussed. The methods are illustrated with examples.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Multiple Imputation of Missing Income Data in the National Health Interview Survey
Nathaniel Schenker,Trivellore E. Raghunathan,Pei Lu Chiu,Diane M. Makuc,Guangyu Zhang,Alan J. Cohen +5 more
TL;DR: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) provides a rich source of data for studying relationships between income and health and for monitoring health and health care for persons at different income levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transformation using (x + 0.5) to stabilize the variance of populations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest that 0.5 is preferable to 1 as an added constant, because a discrete distribution defined in {0, 1, 2,...} is approximately described by a corresponding continuous distribution defined by (0, ≧).
Journal ArticleDOI
Learning from Extreme Events: Risk Perceptions after the Flood
TL;DR: This paper examined whether a severe flood causes homeowners to update their assessment of flood risk as seen in a change in the price of floodplain property and found that after the 1993 flood on the Missouri and Mississippi rivers, property prices in 100-year floodplains did not change significantly, but prices in 500-year floodingplains declined by between 2% and 5%.
Journal ArticleDOI
Leaf litter and larval mosquito dynamics in tree-hole ecosystems'
TL;DR: Scanning electron micrographs indicate that browsing by mosquitoes substantially reduces microbial abundance on decaying leaves, and experiments using laboratory microcosms demonstrate that increased larval density decreases larval survivorship, pupation rates, pupal biomass, and total yield.
Book ChapterDOI
Advances in Economics and Econometrics: Theory and Applications: Bootstrap methods in econometrics: theory and numerical performance
TL;DR: Bootstrap as discussed by the authors is a method for estimating the distribution of an estimator or test statistic by resampling one's data, which can be used to substitute computation for mathematical analysis if calculating the asymptotic distribution of a statistic or estimator is difficult.
References
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Book
Theory of probability
Harold Jeffreys,R. Bruce Lindsay +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of direct probabilities, approximate methods and simplifications, and significant importance tests for various complications, including one new parameter, and various complications for frequency definitions and direct methods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Theory of Probability.
Ernest Nagel,Harold Jeffreys +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of direct probabilities, approximate methods and simplifications, and significant importance tests for various complications, including one new parameter, and various complications for frequency definitions and direct methods.
Book ChapterDOI
Properties of Sufficiency and Statistical Tests
TL;DR: In this article, the structure of small sample tests, whether these are related to problems of estimation and fiducial distributions, or are of the nature of tests of goodness of fit, is considered further.
Journal ArticleDOI
The use of transformations.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize the transformations which have been used on raw statistical data, with particular reference to analysis of variance, and the usual purpose of the transformation is to change the scale of the measurements in order to make the analysis more valid.
Journal ArticleDOI
One Degree of Freedom for Non-Additivity
TL;DR: The present writer is usually much more concerned with and worried about non-additivity, and until recently has suffered from the lack of a systematic way to seek it out, and then to measure it.