Journal ArticleDOI
An Analysis of Transformations
George E. P. Box,David Cox +1 more
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In this article, Lindley et al. make the less restrictive assumption that such a normal, homoscedastic, linear model is appropriate after some suitable transformation has been applied to the y's.Abstract:
[Read at a RESEARCH METHODS MEETING of the SOCIETY, April 8th, 1964, Professor D. V. LINDLEY in the Chair] SUMMARY In the analysis of data it is often assumed that observations Yl, Y2, *-, Yn are independently normally distributed with constant variance and with expectations specified by a model linear in a set of parameters 0. In this paper we make the less restrictive assumption that such a normal, homoscedastic, linear model is appropriate after some suitable transformation has been applied to the y's. Inferences about the transformation and about the parameters of the linear model are made by computing the likelihood function and the relevant posterior distribution. The contributions of normality, homoscedasticity and additivity to the transformation are separated. The relation of the present methods to earlier procedures for finding transformations is discussed. The methods are illustrated with examples.read more
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The Prognostic and Pathophysiologic Role of Pro- and Antiinflammatory Cytokines in Severe Malaria
Nicholas P. J. Day,Tran Tinh Hien,Tineke Schollaardt,Pham Phu Loc,Ly Van Chuong,Tran Thi Hong Chau,Nguyen Thi Hoang Mai,Nguyen Hoan Phu,Dinh Xuan Sinh,Nicholas J. White,Nicholas J. White,May Ho +11 more
TL;DR: Elevated plasma cytokines in severe malaria are associated with systemic pathologic abnormalities, not cerebral involvement, and both the overall magnitude of the cytokine responses and the eventual imbalance between the pro- and antiinflammatory responses are important determinants of mortality.
Journal ArticleDOI
Insensitivity of the analysis of variance to heredity-environment interaction
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare several simple models of nonadditive, interactive relationships between heredity and environment and reveal that ANOVA often fails to detect non-additivity because it has less power in tests of interaction than in test of main effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stochastic parameter estimation procedures for hydrologie rainfall‐runoff models: Correlated and heteroscedastic error cases
TL;DR: In this article, a maximum likelihood estimation procedure is presented through which two aspects of the streamflow measurement errors of the calibration phase are accounted for, and the proposed procedure first determines the anticipated correlation coefficient of the errors and then uses it in the objective function to estimate the best values of the model parameters.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spatial heterogeneity explains the scale dependence of the native-exotic diversity relationship
Kendi F. Davies,Peter Chesson,Susan Harrison,Brian D. Inouye,Brett A. Melbourne,Kevin J. Rice +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed an alternative hypothesis that the positive relationship at large scales is driven by spatial heterogeneity in species composition, which was driven by the spatial heterogeneity of the environment, leading to a positive correlation of native and exotic diversity at large scale.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adaptive Robust Procedures: A Partial Review and Some Suggestions for Future Applications and Theory
TL;DR: In this article, a review of nonadaptive robust estimators is provided, including those of Tukey and McLaughlin, Jaeckel, Johns, Birnbaum and Mike, Takeuchi, Hajek, van Eeden, and Beran.
References
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Book
Theory of probability
Harold Jeffreys,R. Bruce Lindsay +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of direct probabilities, approximate methods and simplifications, and significant importance tests for various complications, including one new parameter, and various complications for frequency definitions and direct methods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Theory of Probability.
Ernest Nagel,Harold Jeffreys +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of direct probabilities, approximate methods and simplifications, and significant importance tests for various complications, including one new parameter, and various complications for frequency definitions and direct methods.
Book ChapterDOI
Properties of Sufficiency and Statistical Tests
TL;DR: In this article, the structure of small sample tests, whether these are related to problems of estimation and fiducial distributions, or are of the nature of tests of goodness of fit, is considered further.
Journal ArticleDOI
The use of transformations.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize the transformations which have been used on raw statistical data, with particular reference to analysis of variance, and the usual purpose of the transformation is to change the scale of the measurements in order to make the analysis more valid.
Journal ArticleDOI
One Degree of Freedom for Non-Additivity
TL;DR: The present writer is usually much more concerned with and worried about non-additivity, and until recently has suffered from the lack of a systematic way to seek it out, and then to measure it.