Applications of Engel and Vosko's generalized gradient approximation in solids.

TLDR: In this paper, a generalized gradient approximation (GGA) based on the exchange-correlation potential (ECP) was proposed to obtain the equilibrium lattice constants in comparison to experiment, but the total energy aspect is unsatisfactory.

Abstract: Recently, Engel and Vosko have proposed an alternative form of a generalized gradient approximation (GGA) [Phys. Rev. B 47, 13 164 (1993)] within density-functional theory. This version of the GGA (EV93) was obtained by optimizing the exchange-correlation potential ${\mathit{V}}_{\mathrm{xc}}$ instead of the corresponding energy ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{xc}}$. We have applied this functional to various solids and found that equilibrium lattice constants generally are far too large in comparison to experiment, so that the total-energy aspect is unsatisfactory. However, EV93 describes FeO and CoO as antiferromagnetic insulators, while the local-spin-density approximation or the Perdew-Wang version of the GGA yields a metallic ground state. EV93 favors magnetism, e.g., the spin susceptibility of V is increased, but Pd remains nonmagnetic in agreement with experiment.