Journal ArticleDOI
Association of vitamin E and C supplement use with cognitive function and dementia in elderly men
Kamal Masaki,K.G. Losonczy,G. Izmirlian,Daniel J. Foley,G. W. Ross,Helen Petrovitch,Richard J. Havlik,L. R. White +7 more
TLDR
Results suggest that vitamin E and C supplements may protect against vascular dementia and may improve cognitive function in late life.Abstract:
Objective: To determine whether use of vitamin E and C supplements protects against subsequent development of dementia and poor cognitive functioning. Methods: The Honolulu–Asia Aging Study is a longitudinal study of Japanese-American men living in Hawaii. Data for this study were obtained from a subsample of the cohort interviewed in 1982, and from the entire cohort from a mailed questionnaire in 1988 and the dementia prevalence survey in 1991 to 1993. The subjects included 3,385 men, age 71 to 93 years, whose use of vitamin E and C supplements had been ascertained previously. Cognitive performance was assessed with the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument, and subjects were stratified into four groups: low, low normal, mid normal, and high normal. For the dementia analyses, subjects were divided into five mutually exclusive groups: AD (n = 47), vascular dementia (n = 35), mixed/other types of dementia (n = 50), low cognitive test scorers without diagnosed dementia (n = 254), and cognitively intact (n = 2,999; reference). Results: In a multivariate model controlling for other factors, a significant protective effect was found for vascular dementia in men who had reported taking both vitamin E and C supplements in 1988 (odds ratio [OR], 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.88). They were also protected against mixed/other dementia (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.89). No protective effect was found for Alzheimer’s dementia (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 0.91 to 3.62). Among those without dementia, use of either vitamin E or C supplements alone in 1988 was associated significantly with better cognitive test performance at the 1991 to 1993 examination (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.50), and use of both vitamin E and C together had borderline significance (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.995 to 1.39). Conclusions: These results suggest that vitamin E and C supplements may protect against vascular dementia and may improve cognitive function in late life.read more
Citations
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Epidemiology of Alzheimer disease
TL;DR: An overview of the criteria used in the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease is provided, highlighting how this disease is related to, but distinct from, normal aging.
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Role of free radicals in the neurodegenerative diseases: therapeutic implications for antioxidant treatment.
TL;DR: Little is known about the impact of dietary antioxidants upon the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer’s disease, but there are many attempts to develop antioxidants that can cross the blood-brain barrier and decrease oxidative damage.
Book
Vascular Cognitive Impairment
John T. O'Brien,Timo Erkinjuntti,Barry Reisberg,Gustavo C. Román,Tohru Sawada,Leonardo Pantoni,John V. Bowler,Clive Ballard,Charles DeCarli,Philip B. Gorelick,Kenneth Rockwood,Alistair Burns,Serge Gauthier,Steven T. DeKosky +13 more
TL;DR: Findings from 5 large, randomized studies of the symptomatic treatment of probable and possible vascular dementia indicate that the presence of a cholinergic deficit is not required for the anticholinesterases to produce cognitive improvement, and so the cholin allergic hypothesis is neither necessary nor sufficient to explain the effects of these drugs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epidemiology of Alzheimer Disease
Richard Mayeux,Yaakov Stern +1 more
TL;DR: The prevalence and incidence rates, the established environmental risk factors, and the protective factors are discussed, and genetic variants predisposing to disease are reviewed.
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Reactive Oxygen Species and the Central Nervous System
TL;DR: The nature of antioxidants is discussed, it being suggested that antioxidant enzymes and chelators of transition metal ions may be more generally useful protective agents than chain‐breaking antioxidants.
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A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study
Mary Sano,Christopher Ernesto,Ronald G. Thomas,Melville R. Klauber,Kimberly Schafer,Michael Grundman,Peter B. Woodbury,John H. Growdon,Carl W. Cotman,Eric Pfeiffer,Lon S. Schneider,Leon J. Thal +11 more
TL;DR: In patients with moderately severe impairment from Alzheimer's disease, treatment with selegiline or alpha-tocopherol slows the progression of disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS)
NG Stephens,NG Stephens,A Parsons,A Parsons,Morris J. Brown,P.M Schofield,Frank J. Kelly,K. H. Cheeseman,Mj Mitchinson +8 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that in patients with angiographically proven symptomatic coronary atherosclerosis, alpha-tocopherol treatment substantially reduces the rate of non-fatal MI, with beneficial effects apparent after 1 year of treatment.