Open AccessProceedings Article
Attosecond Physics
TLDR
In this paper, an attosecond "oscilloscope" was used to visualize the oscillating electric field of visible light with an oscillator and probe multi-electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and solids.Abstract:
Summary form only given. Fundamental processes in atoms, molecules, as well as condensed matter are triggered or mediated by the motion of electrons inside or between atoms. Electronic dynamics on atomic length scales tends to unfold within tens to thousands of attoseconds (1 attosecond [as] = 10-18 s). Recent breakthroughs in laser science are now opening the door to watching and controlling these hitherto inaccessible microscopic dynamics. The key to accessing the attosecond time domain is the control of the electric field of (visible) light, which varies its strength and direction within less than a femtosecond (1 femtosecond = 1000 attoseconds). Atoms exposed to a few oscillations cycles of intense laser light are able to emit a single extreme ultraviolet (XUV) burst lasting less than one femtosecond. Full control of the evolution of the electromagnetic field in laser pulses comprising a few wave cycles have recently allowed the reproducible generation and measurement of isolated sub-femtosecond XUV pulses, demonstrating the control of microscopic processes (electron motion and photon emission) on an attosecond time scale. These tools have enabled us to visualize the oscillating electric field of visible light with an attosecond "oscilloscope", to control single-electron and probe multi-electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and solids. Recent experiments hold promise for the development of an attosecond X-ray source, which may pave the way towards 4D electron imaging with sub-atomic resolution in space and time.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Real-time observation of valence electron motion
Eleftherios Goulielmakis,Zhi-Heng Loh,Zhi-Heng Loh,Adrian Wirth,Robin Santra,Robin Santra,Nina Rohringer,Vladislav S. Yakovlev,Sergey Zherebtsov,Thomas Pfeifer,Thomas Pfeifer,Thomas Pfeifer,Abdallah M. Azzeer,Matthias F. Kling,Stephen R. Leone,Stephen R. Leone,Ferenc Krausz +16 more
TL;DR: An attosecond pump–probe measurement of the density matrix of valence electrons in atomic krypton ions is reported, able to completely characterize the quantum mechanical electron motion and determine its degree of coherence in the specimen of the ensemble.
Book
X-Rays and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation: Principles and Applications
TL;DR: In this paper, the fundamental properties of soft x-rays and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation are discussed and their applications in a wide variety of fields, including EUV lithography for semiconductor chip manufacture and soft X-ray biomicroscopy.
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Four-Dimensional Electron Microscopy
TL;DR: This Review highlights recent developments and inventions made by introducing the fourth dimension of time in electron microscopy, and presents the central concept involved, that of single-electron stroboscopic imaging, which discusses prototypical applications, which include the visualization of complex structures when unfolding on different length and time scales.
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X-ray free-electron lasers
Brian McNeil,N.R. Thompson +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe how X-ray free-electron lasers work, discuss the range of new sources being developed worldwide, and consider how such Xray sources may develop over the coming years.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ultrafast electron dynamics in phenylalanine initiated by attosecond pulses
Francesca Calegari,David Ayuso,Andrea Trabattoni,L. Belshaw,S. De Camillis,Sunilkumar Anumula,Fabio Frassetto,Luca Poletto,Alicia Palacios,Pietro Decleva,Jason B. Greenwood,Fernando Martín,Mauro Nisoli,Mauro Nisoli +13 more
TL;DR: The application of isolated attosecond pulses to prompt ionization of the amino acid phenylalanine and the subsequent detection of ultrafast dynamics on a sub–4.5-femtosecond temporal scale, which is shorter than the vibrational response of the molecule.
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