Journal ArticleDOI
Bacterial Iron Sources: From Siderophores to Hemophores
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TLDR
Recent genetic, biochemical, and crystallographic studies have allowed substantial progress in describing molecular mechanisms of siderophore and hemophore interactions with the outer membrane receptors, transport through the inner membrane, iron storage, and regulation of genes encoding biosynthesis and uptake proteins.Abstract:
Iron is an essential element for most organisms, including bacteria. The oxidized form is insoluble, and the reduced form is highly toxic for most macromolecules and, in biological systems, is generally sequestrated by iron- and heme-carrier proteins. Thus, despite its abundance on earth, there is practically no free iron available for bacteria whatever biotope they colonize. To fulfill their iron needs, bacteria have multiple iron acquisition systems, reflecting the diversity of their potential biotopes. The iron/heme acquisition systems in bacteria have one of two general mechanisms. The first involves direct contact between the bacterium and the exogenous iron/heme sources. The second mechanism relies on molecules (siderophores and hemophores) synthesized and released by bacteria into the extracellular medium; these molecules scavenge iron or heme from various sources. Recent genetic, biochemical, and crystallographic studies have allowed substantial progress in describing molecular mechanisms of siderophore and hemophore interactions with the outer membrane receptors, transport through the inner membrane, iron storage, and regulation of genes encoding biosynthesis and uptake proteins.read more
Citations
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Book ChapterDOI
Chapter One – Mineral–Organic Associations: Formation, Properties, and Relevance in Soil Environments
Markus Kleber,Karin Eusterhues,Marco Keiluweit,Christian Mikutta,Robert Mikutta,Peter S. Nico +5 more
TL;DR: An overview of the current knowledge on mineral-organic associations can be found in this article, where the authors identify key questions and future research needs, as well as a survey of the existing research work.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial Iron Compounds
TL;DR: Are there Siderophores in Plants and Animals?
Journal ArticleDOI
Structure of Hæmoglobin: A Three-Dimensional Fourier Synthesis at 5.5-Å. Resolution, Obtained by X-Ray Analysis
Journal ArticleDOI
A small RNA regulates the expression of genes involved in iron metabolism in Escherichia coli.
Eric Massé,Susan Gottesman +1 more
TL;DR: RyhB provides a mechanism for the cell to down-regulate iron-storage proteins and nonessential ironcontaining proteins when iron is limiting, thus modulating intracellular iron usage to supplement mechanisms for iron uptake directly regulated by Fur.
Journal ArticleDOI
Crystal structure of the bacterial membrane protein TolC central to multidrug efflux and protein export
TL;DR: The structure of TolC is reported, revealing a distinctive and previously unknown fold that provides an explanation of how the cell cytosol is connected to the external environment during export, and suggests a general mechanism for the action of bacterial efflux pumps.