Journal ArticleDOI
Biology of bacteriocyte-associated endosymbionts of plant sap-sucking insects
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TLDR
Psyllids, whiteflies, aphids, and mealybugs are members of the suborder Sternorrhyncha and share a common property, namely the utilization of plant sap as their food source, and the different properties of the genomes and fragments of the genome suggest that there are different constraints on the permissible evolutionary changes.Abstract:
Psyllids, whiteflies, aphids, and mealybugs are members of the suborder Sternorrhyncha and share a common property, namely the utilization of plant sap as their food source. Each of these insect groups has an obligatory association with a different prokaryotic endosymbiont, and the association is the result of a single infection followed by maternal, vertical transmission of the endosymbionts. The result of this association is the domestication of the free-living bacterium to serve the purposes of the host, namely the synthesis of essential amino acids. This domestication is probably in all cases accompanied by a major reduction in genome size. The different properties of the genomes and fragments of the genomes of these endosymbionts suggest that there are different constraints on the permissible evolutionary changes that are probably a function of the gene repertoire of the endosymbiont ancestor and the gene losses that occurred during the reduction of genome size. Pel piacer di porle in lista. ...read more
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Animals in a bacterial world, a new imperative for the life sciences
Margaret J. McFall-Ngai,Michael G. Hadfield,Thomas C. G. Bosch,Hannah V. Carey,Tomislav Domazet-Lošo,Angela E. Douglas,Nicole Dubilier,Gérard Eberl,Tadashi Fukami,Scott F. Gilbert,Ute Hentschel,Nicole King,Staffan Kjelleberg,Andrew H. Knoll,Natacha Kremer,Sarkis K. Mazmanian,Jessica L. Metcalf,Kenneth H. Nealson,Naomi E. Pierce,John F. Rawls,Ann H. Reid,Edward G. Ruby,Mary E. Rumpho,Jon G. Sanders,Diethard Tautz,Jennifer J. Wernegreen +25 more
TL;DR: Recent technological and intellectual advances that have changed thinking about five questions about how have bacteria facilitated the origin and evolution of animals; how do animals and bacteria affect each other’s genomes; how does normal animal development depend on bacterial partners; and how is homeostasis maintained between animals and their symbionts are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
The gut microbiota of insects - diversity in structure and function.
Philipp Engel,Nancy A. Moran +1 more
TL;DR: Gut bacteria of other insects have also been shown to contribute to nutrition, protection from parasites and pathogens, modulation of immune responses, and communication, and the extent of these roles is still unclear and awaits further studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genomics and Evolution of Heritable Bacterial Symbionts
TL;DR: Insect heritable symbionts provide some of the extremes of cellular genomes, including the smallest and the fastest evolving, raising new questions about the limits of evolution of life.
Journal ArticleDOI
Facultative Symbionts in Aphids and the Horizontal Transfer of Ecologically Important Traits
TL;DR: Experiments on pea aphids have demonstrated that facultative symbionts protect against entomopathogenic fungi and parasitoid wasps, ameliorate the detrimental effects of heat, and influence host plant suitability.
Journal ArticleDOI
The evolutionary ecology of insect resistance to plant chemicals
TL;DR: Recent advances in understanding of insect resistance to plant chemicals are reviewed, with a special emphasis on their underlying molecular basis, evaluate costs associated with each resistance trait, and discuss the ecological and evolutionary significance of these findings.
References
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Erko Stackebrandt,B. M. Goebel +1 more
TL;DR: Amorphous metal alloys are employed in acoustic devices dependent upon the properties of low acoustic velocity and low attenuation, such as wire, strip and bulk delay lines.
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Animal mitochondrial genomes
TL;DR: The comparison of animal mitochondrial gene arrangements has become a very powerful means for inferring ancient evolutionary relationships, since rearrangements appear to be unique, generally rare events that are unlikely to arise independently in separate evolutionary lineages.
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The Uncultured Microbial Majority
TL;DR: Genome sequence information that would allow ribosomal RNA gene trees to be related to broader patterns in microbial genome evolution is scant, and therefore microbial diversity remains largely unexplored territory.
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Nutritional Interactions in Insect-Microbial Symbioses: Aphids and Their Symbiotic Bacteria Buchnera
TL;DR: It is argued that strong parallels may exist between the nutritional interactions (including the underlying mechanisms) in the aphid-Buchnera association and other insect symbioses with intracellular microorganisms.