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Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity as an index of central arterial stiffness.

TLDR
In this paper, an automated device for brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is used, although information is limited whether it reflects the stiffness of central or peripheral arteries.
Abstract
Aim: Stiffness of the central arteries plays an important role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) of the aorta has been used as the standard measure of central arterial stiffness. An automated device for brachial-ankle (ba) PWV is available, although information is limited whether baPWV reflects the stiffness of central or peripheral arteries. We therefore addressed this question in the present study.Methods: The subjects were 2,806 consecutive participants in our non-invasive vascular laboratory, excluding those with an ankle-brachial index (ABI) lower than 0.95. PWV measurements were simultaneously performed using an automated device for the ba, heart-femoral (hf, aorta), heart-carotid (hc), heart-brachial (hb), and femoral-ankle (fa) segments. Correlational analyses were performed (1) among these PWV values, (2) between PWV and individual risk factors, and (3) between PWV and the Framingham risk score (FRS), a surrogate index for integrated cardiovascular risk.Results: The correlation of baPWV was the highest with hfPWV (r=0.796) and the lowest with hcPWV (r=0.541). Among the known factors preferentially affecting central arterial stiffness, higher age, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were also closely associated with increased baPWV. Finally, FRS was more closely correlated with hfPWV (r=0.613) and baPWV (r=0.609) than with hbPWV (r=0.523), hcPWV (r=0.509), and faPWV (r=0.393).Conclusion: These results indicate that baPWV is an index of arterial stiffness showing similar characteristics to those of aortic PWV.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Acute impact of drinking coffee on the cerebral and systemic vasculature.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that drinking coffee does not increase cerebral pulsatile stress acutely despite an elevation in arterial stiffness in the systemic circulation.
Journal ArticleDOI

Age-specific nomogram of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in Japanese adolescents.

TL;DR: The proposed distribution curves of baPWV and its derived cutoff values may allow the atherosclerotic risk profile among adolescents of different ages to be more precisely estimated.
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Follow-ups of metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in middle-aged subjects without metabolic syndrome.

TL;DR: The age-related increase in arterial stiffness is greater in the presence of MetS with higher levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and changes in ba-PWV were positively correlated with the changes in systolic and DBP, total-cholesterol, glucose, leukocyte count, and MDA.
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Inter-Arm Blood Pressure Difference in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Preferential Association with Peripheral Artery Disease

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the contribution of diabetes mellitus to IAD and the association of IAD with individual CVDs, such as coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease (PAD), in a cross-sectional study of 2580 participants who had simultaneous blood pressure measurements in both arms using an automated device.
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Longitudinal fasting blood glucose patterns and arterial stiffness risk in a population without diabetes.

TL;DR: Discrete fasting blood glucose trajectories were associated with the arterial stiffness risk in non-diabetic individuals and there were no significant associations of the elevated-decreasing or low-stable patterns with arterials stiffness.
References
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Journal Article

K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: Evaluation, classification, and stratification

TL;DR: In the early 1990s, the National Kidney Foundation (K/DOQI) developed a set of clinical practice guidelines to define chronic kidney disease and to classify stages in the progression of kidney disease.
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Revised equations for estimated GFR from serum creatinine in Japan.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the modified isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS)-traceable 4-variable modified modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equation to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for Japanese patients.
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Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients.

TL;DR: This study provides the first direct evidence that aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with essential hypertension.
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Impact of Aortic Stiffness on Survival in End-Stage Renal Disease

TL;DR: These results provide the first direct evidence that in patients with ESRD, increased aortic stiffness determined by measurement of aorta pulse-wave velocity is a strong independent predictor of all-cause and mainly cardiovascular mortality.
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Aortic pulse-wave velocity and its relationship to mortality in diabetes and glucose intolerance: an integrated index of vascular function?

TL;DR: Aortic PWV is a powerful independent predictor of mortality in both type 2 diabetes and glucose-tolerance–tested population samples and may represent a useful integrated index of vascular status and hence cardiovascular risk.
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