Book ChapterDOI
Cancer chemoprevention by cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) blockade: results of case control studies.
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This investigation demonstrates that COX-2 blocking agents have strong potential for the chemoprevention of cancers of the breast, prostate, colon and lung.Abstract:
Significant use of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) blocking agents prescribed for the treatment of arthritis during 1999 to 2005 facilitates epidemiologic investigations to illuminate their chemopreventive effects against human cancer We therefore conducted a set of case control studies of selective COX-2 blocking agents to determine their chemopreventive potential for the four major cancers: breast, prostate, colon, and lung Newly diagnosed cases (323 breast cancer patients, 229 prostate cancer patients, 326 colon cancer patients, and 486 lung cancer patients) were ascertained during 2002 to September 30, 2004, at The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio All cases of invasive cancer were confirmed by examination of the pathology report Healthy controls without cancer were ascertained from hospital screening clinics during the same time period Controls were frequency matched at a rate of 2:1 to the cases by age, gender, and county of residence We collected information on type, frequency, and duration of use of selective COX-2 inhibitors and nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Other potentially important risk factors (smoking, drinking, body mass, medical history, blood pressure and cholesterol medications, family history of cancer, occupational history, and reproductive history for women) were also recorded for each subject Estimates of odds ratios were obtained with adjustment for age and other potential confounders using logistic regression analysis Use of selective COX-2 inhibitors resulted in a significant risk reduction for each type of cancer (71% for breast cancer, 55% for prostate cancer, 70% for colon cancer, and 79% for lung cancer) and an overall 68% risk reduction for all four cancers This investigation demonstrates that COX-2 blocking agents have strong potential for the chemoprevention of cancers of the breast, prostate, colon and lungread more
Citations
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References
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Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism of action for aspirin-like drugs
TL;DR: Experiments with guinea-pig lung suggest that some of the therapeutic effects of sodium salicylate and aspirin-like drugs are due to inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandins.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cancer statistics, 2006.
Ahmedin Jemal,Rebecca L. Siegel,Elizabeth Ward,Taylor Murray,Jiaquan Xu,Carol Smigal,Michael J. Thun +6 more
TL;DR: The American Cancer Society estimated the number of new cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute and mortality data from National Center for Health Statistics as discussed by the authors.
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Comparison of Upper Gastrointestinal Toxicity of Rofecoxib and Naproxen in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Claire Bombardier,Loren Laine,Alise S. Reicin,Deborah R. Shapiro,Ruben Burgos-Vargas,Barry R. Davis,Richard O. Day,Marcos Bosi Ferraz,Christopher J. Hawkey,Marc C. Hochberg,Tore K Kvien,Thomas J. Schnitzer +11 more
TL;DR: In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, treatment with rofecoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, is associated with significantly fewer clinically important upper gastrointestinal events than treatment with naproxen, a nonselective inhibitor.
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Gastrointestinal Toxicity With Celecoxib vs Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs for Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: The CLASS Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Fred E. Silverstein,Gerald A. Faich,Jay L. Goldstein,Lee S. Simon,Theodore Pincus,Andrew Whelton,Robert W. Makuch,Glenn M. Eisen,Naurang M. Agrawal,William F. Stenson,Aimee M. Burr,William W. Zhao,Jeffrey D. Kent,James B. Lefkowith,Kenneth M. Verburg,G. Steven Geis +15 more
TL;DR: In this study, celecoxib, at dosages greater than those indicated clinically, was associated with a lower incidence of symptomatic ulcers and ulcer complications combined, as well as other clinically important toxic effects, compared with NSAIDs at standard dosages.
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Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 gene expression in human colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas
Charles E. Eberhart,Robert J. Coffey,Aramandla Radhika,Francis M. Giardiello,Suzanne Ferrenbach,Raymond N. DuBois +5 more
TL;DR: COX-2, but not COX-1, gene expression is markedly elevated in most human colorectal cancers compared with accompanying normal mucosa, and COx-2 expression seems to be increased in a subset of adenomas.