Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon materials for supercapacitor application.
TLDR
It appears that nanotubes are a perfect conducting additive and/or support for materials with pseudocapacitance properties, e.g. MnO(2), conducting polymers.Abstract:
The most commonly used electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors are activated carbons, because they are commercially available and cheap, and they can be produced with large specific surface area. However, only the electrochemically available surface area is useful for charging the electrical double layer (EDL). The EDL formation is especially efficient in carbon pores of size below 1 nm because of the lack of space charge and a good attraction of ions along the pore walls. The pore size should ideally match the size of the ions. However, for good dynamic charge propagation, some small mesopores are useful. An asymmetric configuration, where the positive and negative electrodes are constructed from different materials, e.g., activated carbon, transition metal oxide or conducting polymer, is of great interest because of an important extension of the operating voltage. In such a case, the energy as well as power is greatly increased. It appears that nanotubes are a perfect conducting additive and/or support for materials with pseudocapacitance properties, e.g. MnO2, conducting polymers. Substitutional heteroatoms in the carbon network (nitrogen, oxygen) are a promising way to enhance the capacitance. Carbons obtained by one-step pyrolysis of organic precursors rich in heteroatoms (nitrogen and/or oxygen) are very interesting, because they are denser than activated carbons. The application of a novel type of electrolyte with a broad voltage window (ionic liquids) is considered, but the stability of this new generation of electrolyte during long term cycling of capacitors is not yet confirmed.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Materials for electrochemical capacitors
TL;DR: This work has shown that combination of pseudo-capacitive nanomaterials, including oxides, nitrides and polymers, with the latest generation of nanostructured lithium electrodes has brought the energy density of electrochemical capacitors closer to that of batteries.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors
TL;DR: Two important future research directions are indicated and summarized, based on results published in the literature: the development of composite and nanostructured ES materials to overcome the major challenge posed by the low energy density.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes
Lili Zhang,Xiu Song Zhao +1 more
TL;DR: This tutorial review provides a brief summary of recent research progress on carbon-based electrode materials forsupercapacitors, as well as the importance of electrolytes in the development of supercapacitor technology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Graphene based materials: Past, present and future
TL;DR: Graphene and its derivatives are being studied in nearly every field of science and engineering as mentioned in this paper, and recent progress has shown that the graphene-based materials can have a profound impact on electronic and optoelectronic devices, chemical sensors, nanocomposites and energy storage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electrochemical capacitors: mechanism, materials, systems, characterization and applications
TL;DR: The latest progress in supercapacitors in charge storage mechanisms, electrode materials, electrolyte materials, systems, characterization methods, and applications are reviewed and the newly developed charge storage mechanism for intercalative pseudocapacitive behaviour is clarified for comparison.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Principles and applications of electrochemical capacitors
Rüdiger Kötz,M. Carlen +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental principles, performance, characteristics, present and future applications of electrochemical capacitors are presented in this communication, and different applications demanding large ECs with high voltage and improved energy and power density are under discussion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon materials for the electrochemical storage of energy in capacitors
TL;DR: In this article, different types of capacitors with a pure electrostatic attraction and/or pseudocapacitance effects are presented, and their performance in various electrolytes is studied taking into account the different range of operating voltage (1V for aqueous and 3 V for aprotic solutions).
Journal ArticleDOI
Anomalous Increase in Carbon Capacitance at Pore Sizes Less Than 1 Nanometer
TL;DR: The results challenge the long-held axiom that pores smaller than the size of solvated electrolyte ions are incapable of contributing to charge storage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synthesis of highly ordered carbon molecular sieves via template-mediated structural transformation
TL;DR: Ordered carbon molecular sieves exhibiting Bragg diffraction of X-ray lines have been synthesized for the first time, using mesoporous silica sieves as the template.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ordered mesoporous carbons
TL;DR: Ordered mesoporous carbons have been synthesized using ordered mesopore silica templates as discussed by the authors, where the template needs to exhibit three-dimensional pore structure in order to be suitable for the ordered mesophorous carbon synthesis, otherwise disordered microporous carbon is formed.