Journal ArticleDOI
Changes in root size and distribution in relation to nitrogen accumulation during maize breeding in China
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TLDR
In this article, the root growth, nitrogen uptake, dry matter accumulation and yield formation of six maize hybrids released from 1973 to 2000 in China were compared under low and high nitrogen supply in a black soil in Northeast China.Abstract:
Modern maize breeding has increased maize yields worldwide The changes in above-ground traits accompanying yield improvement are well-known, but less information is available as to the effect of modern plant breeding on changes in maize root traits Root growth, nitrogen uptake, dry matter accumulation and yield formation of six maize hybrids released from 1973 to 2000 in China were compared Experiments were conducted under low and high nitrogen supply in a black soil in Northeast China in 2010 and 2011 While nitrogen accumulation, dry matter production and yield formation have been increased, modern maize breeding in China since 1990 has reduced root length density in the topsoil without much effect on root growth in the deeper soil The efficiency of roots in acquiring N has increased so as to match the requirement of N accumulation for plant growth and yield formation The responses of root growth, nitrogen and dry matter accumulation, and grain yield to low-N stress were similar in the more modern hybrids as in the older ones Modern maize breeding has constitutively changed root and shoot growth and plant productivity without producing any specific enhancement in root responsiveness to soil N availabilityread more
Citations
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The Physiological Basis of Drought Tolerance in Crop Plants: A Scenario-Dependent Probabilistic Approach.
TL;DR: Drought tolerance is understood probabilistically by estimating the benefit and risk of each combination of alleles based on the genetic architecture of traits in phenotyping platforms and of yield in tens of field experiments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution of US maize (Zea mays L.) root architectural and anatomical phenes over the past 100 years corresponds to increased tolerance of nitrogen stress
TL;DR: Comprehensive analysis of maize root phenotypes over the past century indicates that they have evolved to be more efficient in acquiring nitrogen.
Journal ArticleDOI
A genetic relationship between nitrogen use efficiency and seedling root traits in maize as revealed by QTL analysis
Pengcheng Li,Fanjun Chen,Hongguang Cai,Jianchao Liu,Qingchun Pan,Zhigang Liu,Riliang Gu,Guohua Mi,Fusuo Zhang,Lixing Yuan +9 more
TL;DR: This research determined the significant genetic and phenotypic relationships between seedling root traits and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and further identified five QTL clusters for improving NUE in maize.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic improvement of root growth increases maize yield via enhanced post-silking nitrogen uptake
TL;DR: This study provides a successful case that increasing root size via genetic manipulation contributes directly to efficient N-uptake and higher yield under both adequate and inadequate N- supply and different weather conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
How can we harness quantitative genetic variation in crop root systems for agricultural improvement
TL;DR: How the methods and metrics used to quantify root systems can affect the authors' ability to understand them, how to bridge knowledge gaps and accelerate the derivation of structure-function relationships for roots are discussed, and why a detailed mechanistic understanding of root growth and function will be important for future agricultural gains are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Significant Acidification in Major Chinese Croplands
J.H. Guo,Xuejun Liu,Y. Zhang,Jianlin Shen,Wenxuan Han,W.F. Zhang,Peter Christie,Keith Goulding,Peter M. Vitousek,Fusuo Zhang +9 more
TL;DR: A meta-analysis of a regional acidification phenomenon in Chinese arable soils that is largely associated with higher N fertilization and higher crop production is presented, likely to threaten the sustainability of agriculture and affect the biogeochemical cycles of nutrients and also toxic elements in soils.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems
Xiaotang Ju,Guang-Xi Xing,Xinping Chen,Shao-Lin Zhang,Lijuan Zhang,Xuejun Liu,Zhenling Cui,Bin Yin,Peter Christie,Zhao-Liang Zhu,Fusuo Zhang +10 more
TL;DR: Examination of grain yields and N loss pathways in 2 of the most intensive double-cropping systems in China found that current agricultural N practices with 550–600 kg of N per hectare fertilizer annually do not significantly increase crop yields but do lead to about 2 times larger N losses to the environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China
Xuejun Liu,Ying Zhang,Wenxuan Han,Aohan Tang,Jianlin Shen,Zhenling Cui,Peter M. Vitousek,Jan Willem Erisman,Keith Goulding,Peter Christie,Andreas Fangmeier,Fusuo Zhang +11 more
TL;DR: The impact of N deposition on Chinese ecosystems includes significantly increased plant foliar N concentrations in natural and semi-natural ecosystems and increased crop N uptake from long-term-unfertilized croplands.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency for Cereal Production
TL;DR: The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) linked with advanced research programs at universities and research institutes is uniquely positioned to refine fertilizer N use in the world via the extension of improved NUE hybrids and cultivars and management practices in both the developed and developing world.